| 摘要: |
| 利用室内盆栽试验研究Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb五种重金属复合胁迫下接种丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi，AM真菌）对苎麻侵染率、生物量、地上部磷含量、重金属浓度及转运系数、抗氧化酶系统的影响。研究结果表明：在复合重金属胁迫条件下，AM真菌能够与苎麻形成良好共生关系，显著促进苎麻地上部对磷的吸收，增加苎麻生物量，改变苎麻抗氧化酶系统，同时调节苎麻对重金属的吸收与分配。具体来说，AM真菌对苎麻的侵染率为33.7%。与非接种组相比，接种组苎麻地上部Zn和Cd含量分别增加了50.3%和100.0%，地下部Cu和Sb的含量分别增加了30.4%和114.3%，地上部和地下部As的含量分别降低了121.6%和416.4%。与非接种组相比，接种组苎麻中Zn、As和Cd的转运系数分别增加了58.6%、148.1%和49.8%，Sb的转运系数降低了64.1%。接种AM真菌促进苎麻地上部对磷的吸收，磷含量增加了50.4%。接种组苎麻地上部与地下部生物量也较非接种组分别增加了22.2%和24.0%。同时接种AM真菌提高了苎麻体内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性，分别提高了17.47%、31.75%、6.75%。 |
| 关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌 复合重金属 苎麻 磷 生物量 抗氧化酶 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE182025 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41271338，41303066）；科技部科研院所专项（2014EG166135）；湖南省重点研发计划（2016NK2008） |
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| Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on heavy metal absorption of ramie under compound pollution |
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ZHOU Min, WEI Yuan, CHEN Haiyan, YU Wenqiang, HOU Hong, WU Fengchang, TAN Weiqiang
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1. School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technology University, Qingdao 266033, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, China Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
3. Resources Environment and Chemical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope The compound pollution of heavy metals in farmland caused by mining and transportation is becoming more and more concerned. Bioremediation of contaminated farmland is more friend than physical and chemical remediation. Ramie, as a unique crop in China, has been considered to adsorb the heavy metals in polluted farmland effectively, such as As, Cd, Pb and Sb. Meanwhile, the mycorrhiza formed by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) and ramiecan improve resistance of ramie to heavy metals. The questions discussed in this study include: (1) whether AM fungi and ramie can form mycorrhiza; (2) whether the mycorrhizal fungi play a role in promoting the remediation of heavy contaminated soil. Materials and methods In this study, the farmland soil around the tailings of Hunan Tin Mine (1 km) was used as the experiment medium. AM fungi and ramie 3 were used as the experiment material, and the aim in this study is to investigate the effects of AM fungi on ramie colonization rate, biomass, contents of phosphorus in shoots, contents of heavy metals, transport coefficient and antioxidant enzyme system. In addition, the established method was used to remediate the contaminated soil induced by heavy metal. Results The results showed that (1) AM fungi could form mycorrhizal fungi with ramie, and the colonization rate was 33.7%. (2) The ramie inoculated with AM fungi could significantly increase the aboveground biomass (22.2%) and underground biomass (24.0%). Compared to the non-inoculated groups, the aboveground contents of phosphorus (50.4%) were significantly increased for the inoculated groups. (3) Contents of Zn and Cd in the shoots of AM fungi were significantly increased by 50.3% and 100.0%, respectively. Additionally, the contents of Cu and Sb in the roots of AM fungi were significantly increased by 30.4% and 114.3%, respectively. However, the inoculation for AM fungi inhibited the absorption of As in ramie, and the contents of As in the aboveground and underground parts of ramie were reduced by 121.6% and 416.4%, respectively. (4) The inoculation for AM fungi significantly increased the transport coefficients of Zn, As and Cd in ramie by 58.6%, 148.1% and 49.8%, respectively. The transport rate of Sb was significantly decreased by 64.1% in ramie. (5) The inoculation for AM fungi significantly increased the activity of SOD (17.47%) and CAT (31.75%) in ramie, while the inoculation for AM fungi had no significant effects on POD activity. Discussion Inoculation of AM fungi increased ramie biomass and metal tolerance, which may be due to: (1) AM fungi could expand the range of ramie roots and absorption area through their external hyphae, and further improve ramie absorption of P. (2) The hyphae secrete acetic acid, citric acid and other organic acids could activate the soil in the insoluble phosphate to promote the absorption of ramie P and improve the nutritional status of ramie to P and the ramie biomass. Thereby it enhanced the resistance of ramie to heavy metals. (3) AM fungi could promote the absorption and transport of Zn and Cd for ramie, so it can remediate compound pollution of heavy metal contaminated soil by plant extraction, and Cu, Sb immobilized in the ramie root may be mycelial “filtration” effect. AM fungi could reduce the absorption of As in the ramie, which may be due to the absorption of P and As through the phosphate transport system into the plant. Moreover there is a competitive relationship for promoting the P absorption and reducing the As absorption. (4) AM fungi could improve the resistance of ramie to heavy metals by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the activation of O2−·, H2O2 and other reactive oxygen species on ramie cells under the stress of heavy metal. Conclusions Under the stress of compound heavy metal, the experimental conclusions showed that: (1) AM fungi could form mycorrhiza with ramie. AM fungi could increase the uptake of P in the upper part of ramie, promote the increase of biomass and improve the tolerance of heavy metals. (2) Inoculation of AM fungi increased the absorption of a variety of heavy metals for ramie, so the combination of AM fungi and ramie could be a new method for the remediation of heavy metal pollution by the combination of plant and microorganism. (3) Inoculation of AM fungi significantly increased the activity of SOD and CAT in the aerial part of ramie and promoted the activity of POD to a certain extent. Recommendations and perspectives It has been found that the combination of AM fungi and ramie can be used as a bioremediation method to repair the contaminated soil by heavy metals. In addition, the specific mechanism of the combination of AM fungi with ramie on the remediation of contaminated soil remains to be further studied. |
| Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi compound heavy metal ramie phosphorus biomass antioxidant enzyme |
