| 摘要: |
| 统计昆仑山的木孜塔格峰及其周围214条现代冰川朝向、面积、长度和坡度等地形学特征，发现N、NW和NE朝向冰川数量多、以长度小于1 km小型冰川为主，长度5 km以上冰川仅占4.6%。E、SE和S朝向冰川数量少，但长度较大，且坡度相对平缓，冰川面积也较大。SW和W朝向冰川发育则受山脊走向和局地地形影响。利用TRAM、THAR和AAR三种方法计算各坡向长度>1.65 km冰川物质平衡线高度（ELA），结果显示：N和NE朝向冰川ELA平均值明显低于其它坡向；茫崖、小灶火、若羌和且末气象站2011 — 2015年最大风速的风向和降水统计资料显示木孜塔格地区可能受来自东北方向气流的影响。据此推断，木孜塔格地区偏西北坡冰川发育可能受西风气流影响，而偏北坡和偏东坡冰川发育则可能受来自东北方向气流的影响。 |
| 关键词: 水汽来源 木孜塔格 地形特征 ELA |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE182036 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41230523，41271018） |
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| Discussing sources of moisture feeding the glaciers on the Ulugh Muztagh, Kunlun Mountain |
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SUN Yong, YI Chaolu, LIU Jinhua, WU Yubin
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1. Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Precipitation is a very important factor for glacier development. Ulugh Muztagh region in Kunlun Mountain has well-developed glaciers, previous studies shows the development of glaciers in this region are affected by westerly, but the glaciers develop toward different directions with significantly different scales, especially the scale of glaciers developed in eastern slope, the lee of westerly, are relatively larger. It is necessary to discuss the sources of moisture feeding the glaciers developed in Ulugh Muztagh region of Kunlun Mountain. Materials and methods We investigates the morphological characteristics of Ulugh Muztagh region and its surrounding 214 modern glaciers in terms of their direction, size, length and slope, etc. We uses three methods, namely, TRAM, THAR and AAR, to calculate the ELAs of glaciers with length > 1.65 km and conducts statistical analysis on the wind direction for maximum wind speed and precipitation data obtained from 2011 to 2015 at the meteorological stations of Mangya, Xiaozaohuo, Ruoqiang and Qiemo. Results (1) Glaciers oriented toward N, NW and NE are in the larger quantity, most of which are small glaciers less than 1 km in length, while those longer than 5 km only account for 4.6%. Only a small number of glaciers are oriented toward E, SE and S, which are quite long with smooth slopes and large glacial areas. The glaciers oriented toward SW and W are affected by ridge direction and local topography. (2) The average ELAs of the glaciers oriented toward N and NE are significantly lower than other slopes. (3) The maximum wind frequency for the maximum wind speed at Qiemo, Ruoqiang and Mangya is in the NE direction, while the wind direction for the maximum wind speed of Xiaozaohuo meteorological station is mainly distributed in WNW, NW and W directions. Discussion According to the analysis of the topographical features of glacial development, this area is not only affected by the westerly airflow, but also possibly influenced by the eastern airflow. The statistical materials of the meteorological stations show that apart from the effect of the westerly airflow, this area may be under the impact of the northeastern airflow. It’s possible that the westerly airflow is the origin of moisture of the glaciers developed in northwestern slope. Atjikkul Lake and Ayakkum Lake are located in the northeast of Ulugh Muztagh region. When the evaporation vapor of lakes is transported to the Ulugh Muztagh region by the northeastern airflow, precipitation maybe increased in this region by the effects of terrain uplift. And this possibly be beneficial to the development of glaciers in northern and eastern slopes. Conclusions With an overall consideration of the topographic features, meteorological data and the distribution of surrounding lakes, it can be referred that the glacier development of the northwestern slope may be affected by the westerly airflow, while the glacier development of the eastern and northern slopes may be affected by the northeastern airflow. Recommendations and perspectives The research findings can provide reference for understanding the evolutionary of Quaternary glaciation and forecasting future glacial changes of this area. |
| Key words: sources of moisture Ulugh Muztagh morphological characteristics ELA |
