| 摘要: |
| 近年来室内空气污染问题频发，已引起全社会的广泛关注。挥发性有机物（volatile organic compounds，VOCs）是室内空气的主要污染物之一，其成分复杂，来源广泛，严重威胁人体健康。本文综述了中国近十年来室内VOCs在来源、浓度水平、影响因素及健康评价方面的研究进展。研究表明，室内建筑装修材料、人类活动及室外污染等来源都会影响VOCs的室内浓度；中国住宅内甲醛、苯等VOCs污染普遍存在，家具市场是甲醛污染最高的公共场所；VOCs浓度受到温湿度、通风和装修时间等因素影响；中国室内部分VOCs对人体健康影响评估值超过美国环保署可接受水平。调查更全面的室内VOCs数据，探索对各类因素影响机制，提出更有效降低VOCs对人体健康影响的措施将是未来室内空气治理重点发展方向。 |
| 关键词: 挥发性有机物（VOCs） 浓度特征 来源 健康影响评估 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE201004 |
| CSTR： |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（21107084） |
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| Characteristics of indoor volatile organic compounds in China |
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LIU Shuting, HUANG Yu, CUI Long, XUE Yonggang, CHENG Yan
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1. Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
2. Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope In recent years, indoor air pollution is getting more and more serious, which has been paid more attention by the whole society. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are the most abundant indoor pollutants can be emitted by a wide range of sources and it is harmful for human health. The aim of this paper is making an overview of advance in characteristics of indoor VOCs in China. Materials and methods This paper reviews studies over the last decades on the characteristics of indoor VOCs concentration, impact factors and human health risk assessment. Results The building materials and decorations, the human activities and outdoor pollution are the main sources of indoor VOCs. Formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and xylenes of some studies in China remained at a high percentage of total VOCs concentration in brand new decorated residences that had exceeded the national indoor air quality standard. Meanwhile, the public places, such as furniture market, shopping mall and hotel have seriously air pollution problems. Some researches indicated that, health effect of formaldehyde, 1, 3-dibutene and other VOCs were calculated by the cancer and non-cancer risk calculation model according to USEPA, resulting in higher than the acceptable risk level. Discussion Indoor VOCs are influenced by temperature and relative humidity variations, ventilation conditions, and the decoration time. Seasonal fluctuations that change with temperature and humidity in formaldehyde levels also occur, and ventilation is the most efficient way to reduce the VOCs concentration. After one year of the decoration, the formaldehyde concentration was still above the national level, which the concentration range of BETX are larger than, because the most VOCs emitted within the first month after decoration are from the liquid materials, and solid materials dominate the emission after the liquid material VOCs have evaporated. Conclusions Indoor VOCs pollution in China is serious issue, for a large number of Chinese occupants continually encounter multiple sources of VOCs. The concentration of indoor VOCs is impacted by many kinds of factors, which don’t have a clear relationship to explain them. Even the inhalation-related health risks of VOCs lack the studies to improve the accuracy. Recommendations and perspectives The researches of the air pollution about the more species of VOCs, such as carbonyls which may be related to human activities, and more effective control measures is needed. Consequently, further study with larger sample size of indoor VOCs would help support effective health risk management. |
| Key words: volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentration characteristics source health risk assessment |
