| 摘要: |
| 甲醛是室内环境中典型的气态污染物之一，具有致畸性和致癌性。我国室内甲醛污染形势严峻，相关居民健康事件频发，去除室内甲醛对改善室内空气质量，降低人类健康风险十分必要。基于氨基酸吸收的甲醛净化技术以其绿色高效的除醛效率成为最有应用前景的甲醛净化技术，是当前研究的热点。本文总结了近年来基于氨基酸除醛的研究进展，包括：（1）简要讨论了氨基酸吸收净化甲醛的机理；（2）详细综述了氨基酸除醛的研究进展，梳理了优化氨基酸除醛效率的三大策略：胺基官能团衍生化以改善反应活性位点，与高比表矿物材料或多孔材料结合以增加反应吸附位点以及与催化材料复合以强化分子俘获等动力学过程；（3）阐述了氨基酸除醛技术在空气净化方面的应用，并指出了氨基酸除醛技术的发展前景。 |
| 关键词: 室内环境 甲醛 氨基酸 吸收剂 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE201006 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2016YFA0203000）；国家人才计划（Y929040201） |
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| Research progress on formaldehyde removal by amino acids |
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WANG Wei, ZHU Dandan, HUANG Yu, CAO Junji
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1. Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710049, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope After the pollution of “coal smoke” and “photochemical smog”, modern people have entered the third pollution period marked by “indoor air pollution”. Formaldehyde (HCHO) as a typical indoor air pollutant is mainly released from decorative materials and wooden furniture, and the release cycle is as long as 3—15 a. Formaldehyde can cause severe mucosa irritations and even initiation and progression of cancers due to its extreme toxicity. The formaldehyde content in air in most of Chinese cities exceeds the indoor air quality standard of China. Taking effective measure and technique of formaldehyde removal from indoor air have an important practical significance to improve indoor air quality and reduce human health risk. Amino acid can rapidly react with formaldehyde and remove low concentration of formaldehyde in air to a certain extent without secondary pollution. Therefore, amino acid absorption is considered as a potential technology for indoor formaldehyde purification, which is the focus of current research. Materials and methods This paper summarizes the progress and mechanism of formaldehyde purification by amino acid, reviews research and development of absorbents based on amino acid, renders practical application of formaldehyde removal based on amino acid. The development prospects of formaldehyde purification technology are also discussed in detail. Results Inspired by the fact that the free formaldehyde produced in plants is absorbed by the amino acids in plants and eventually transformed into other substances, amino acids have been used for the formaldehyde removal. The removal of formaldehyde using amino acids is based on the nucleophilic addition reaction occurs between amino acid (RCHNH2COOH) and formaldehyde, and is mainly related to amino group (—NH2) in amino acid. The more effective amino groups in the amino acid molecule, the more sites can be involved in the adsorption of formaldehyde. The absorption of formaldehyde based on amino acids is limited by the allowable concentration and the active temperature. The development of highly efficient and stable amino acid absorbents is incomparably important to the practical application of indoor formaldehyde removal technology based on amino acids. Discussion There are three strategies to improve the formaldehyde removal performance of the amino acids: (1) Enhancing the number of active functional groups of amino acids. Through modifying the carboxyl groups of amino acids by amino derivatives, or combining amino acids with poly-amino compounds can increase the number of amino groups in the amino acids, which can increase the effective mass of active functional group to improve the formaldehyde removal effect of amino acids. (2) Increasing the surface adsorption site for formaldehyde. By combining amino acids or poly-amino acids with traditional porous materials or mineral materials with large specific surfaces can enhance the adsorption site to significantly improve the formaldehyde removal properties of amino acids. (3) Employing the catalytic active site in formaldehyde removal. Via introducing traditional catalysts used for formaldehyde removal into amino acid absorbents, can completely convert the adsorbed formaldehyde into harmless CO2 and H2O to improve the formaldehyde removal properties of amino acids. Above modification methods can effectively regulate the specific surface area, active absorption site and active reaction site of the amino acid absorbents, which can enhance the formaldehyde removal effect. Conclusions Amino acid absorption is a new technology for indoor formaldehyde purification, which makes use of rapid reaction between formaldehyde and amino acid without secondary pollution. However, the current formaldehyde purification technology based on amino acid is not mature, and still remains in the laboratories. There are still many problems to be overcome in the practical application aspects. Recommendations and perspectives The development of new materials, and combination of formaldehyde removal technology will be the focus in the future for the practical application of formaldehyde purification technology based on amino acid. |
| Key words: indoor environment formaldehyde amino acid absorbent |
