| 引用本文: | 祁 军，王 静，潘世成，刘 瑞，孟秀祥.2016.兴隆山自然保护区优势植物的物候格局对气候变化的响应[J].地球环境学报,(3):269-277 |
| QI Jun, WANG Jing, PAN Shicheng, LIU Rui, MENG Xiuxiang.2016.The phenological patterns of dominant plants in Xinglongshan Natural Reserve and the response to the regional climate change[J].Journal of Earth Environment,(3):269-277 |
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| 兴隆山自然保护区优势植物的物候格局对气候变化的响应 |
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祁 军，王 静，潘世成，刘 瑞，孟秀祥1,2
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1.甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区管理局，兰州 730117;2. 中国人民大学 环境学院，北京 100872
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| 摘要: |
| 甘肃兴隆山自然保护区地处青藏高原、黄土高原、蒙新高原交汇地带，区域内的植物物候变化对探索气候变化对该地区的生态影响有重要意义。本文对1951 — 2014年的气象数据进行了分析，结果表明：60年来，兴隆山地区的日均温呈逐年上升趋势，累积增温0.92℃，年降水量逐年下降，平均减少率为83.09 mm ∙ (10a)−1。通过对比2004 — 2007年和2012 — 2015年间两时间段内的鲜黄小檗（Berberis diaphana）等14种植物物种的开花等8种物候现象的发生时间发现，有42.86%的观测物种的物候存在显著差异，其中华北珍珠梅（Sorbaria kirilowii）、鲜黄小檗最为显著。鲜黄小檗物候期都呈推迟趋势。华北珍珠梅的春季物候期推迟，秋季物候期提前，其生长季减少率为15.49 d ∙ a−1。在保护区的植被管理实践中，应特别加强对华北珍珠梅的保育。 |
| 关键词: 兴隆山自然保护区 气候变化 物候期 优势植物 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE201603005 |
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| 基金项目:2015年度甘肃省省级林业科技计划项目（2015kj056）；香港海洋公园保育基金（OPCFHK）项目（TM01_1516） |
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| The phenological patterns of dominant plants in Xinglongshan Natural Reserve and the response to the regional climate change |
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QI Jun, WANG Jing, PAN Shicheng, LIU Rui, MENG Xiuxiang1,2
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1. Gansu Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve, Lanzhou 730117, China;2. School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Global warming as the main characteristics of the climate change received extensive attention of the society from different fields. Phenology is one of the main indicators of climate change. Gansu Xinglongshan National Reserve is located at the intersection among Tibetan Plateau, Loess Plateau and Mengxin Plateau; the phenological period in where can be an important indicator of climate change. However, researches at home and abroad of vegetation phenology observation and prediction are focused on that in high latitudes, the phenological study of “transition zone” region is relative less. Therefore, solving the demanding problem can benefit future longtime phenological observations and predictions, which provide scientific proof for conservation and management. Materials and methods Climate data are provides by China meteorological data sharing service system, including the highest temperature, lowest temperature, average temperature and daily precipitation from 1951 — 2014 in Yuzhong County, Gansu Province. Phenological data of 14 plants are recorded artificially in Xinglongshan Natural Reserve from 2004 — 2007 and 2012 — 2015, including 8 phenophases, namely germination, bud expansion, leaf unfolding, blooming, fruiting, fruit expansion, branching and fruit ripping, and making the day when 50% twigs of observation have the phenological appearance as the corresponding phenophase. Then use Julian Day series to transfer all phenological data, and analyzing the change pattern by fitting, the relationship between regional climate data and phenological data by correlation and fitting. Results The temperature in Xinglongshan increased year by year, reaching 0.92℃ in 60 years. While monthly precipitation tends to decrease at the rate of 83.09 mm ∙ (10a)−1. Compared the 8 phenological phases of 14 observed species, 42.86% have the significant change, especially for Sorbaria kirilowii and Berberis diaphana. The former species has shorter grow season for later spring phenophase and earlier autumn phenophases, reaching 15.49 d ∙ a−1, and for the later species, the whole phenological period delay. Discussion The result of regional climate change in this research is similar with the former research result, namely have the same change tendency of increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation. However, because Xinglongshan National Natural Reserve is located at the Qinghai, Tibet and Mengxin Plateau, the coastal area of these plateaus, affected by the factors such as topography, its temperature change rate is a bit slow than the average rate in China. What is more, the research scope, Yuzhong County is located in the southeast of Lanzhou City, the southern part of Gansu Province, where is in the scale that arid and semi-arid move to south, and the annual precipitation decreased. The change pattern of phenophases is identical with the former research in northern part of China from 1982 — 1999. Sorbaria kirilowii and Berberis diaphana show different change tendency and response to regional climate change because its own characteristics, especially the cold tolerance of the later one. Conclusions The regional climate change in Xinglongshan National Natural Reserve have the tendency of increasing in temperature and decrease in precipitation, which is similar with most former study on relative area, and the change of phenophases of 14 observed plants, also the dominant plants in this study area, showing the tendency of delaying or in advance because of own characters. There are two plants, namely Sorbaria kirilowii and Berberis diaphana, showing significant change among 14 observations. The former one has a shorter growing season caused by higher temperature and less precipitation, while the later one has the tendency of delaying on all kinds of phenophases because of its better resistant ability against cold. Recommendations and perspectives Precipitation can directly change the humidity of fuel, and therefore in the month with low precipitation (January, February, March and December), should pay special attention to forest fire prevention. Due to the inland continental climate in Xinglongshan National Natural Reserve, where has a dry and windy spring, and less rainfall in cold dry winter, and the wind effect on the formation and development of forest fire. In addition, the existing research shows that reserves in recent years, the occurrence of fire mainly appears in the period before and after Qingming Festival, the fuse of the fire is mainly man-made factors, such as burning DeGeng, field burning straw, grave burn, etc. So when there are less rainfall, stronger wind and higher man-made fire risk, namely around March, extra work to strengthen the protection of forest fire is strongly needed. Because of the regional climate change, including temperature and precipitation, the phenological change in observed plants provide us management suggestions. For the Sorbaria kirilowii, the shorter growing season will be unfavorable to its growth, and it continue the decreasing trend, it is necessary to strengthen artificial conservation work for it. However the mechanism of how plants response to climate change and why plants have different response to same climate change need to future study, and the longtime constant phenological observation can be helpful to solve this problem and showing a more specific and real change pattern on phenology, which benefits on better prediction and useful management measures. |
| Key words: Xinglongshan Natural Reserve climate change phenophases dominant plants |
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