| 引用本文: | 杜心宇，胡希军，金晓玲，曹诗怡，罗紫薇，韦宝婧.2021.基于地理探测器的湖南新石器时期聚落遗址人居环境适宜度评价[J].地球环境学报,12(3):269-278 |
| DU Xinyu, HU Xijun, JIN Xiaoling, CAO Shiyi, LUO Ziwei, WEI Baojing.2021.Evaluation of human settlement environment suitability of Neolithic settlement sites in Hunan Province based on geographical detector[J].Journal of Earth Environment,12(3):269-278 |
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| 摘要: |
| 湖南地区是长江中游新石器时期文化发源地之一，为了更有效地了解新石器时期的人地关系，以高程、坡度、坡向、水体、地貌、土壤和植被类型这7个指标构建新石器时期聚落遗址人居环境模糊指数综合评价体系，运用地理探测器的因子探测法确定各要素的权重，在ArcGIS中将各因子的权重值进行加权叠加和综合等级类型分类，最终得到湖南新石器时期聚落遗址人居环境适宜度评价结果：宜居度中等以上的区域面积最大，总面积为18.59万km2，占湖南省总面积的87.77%；水体权重值占比最高；古人偏爱聚水而居，且集中分布在洞庭湖区域，湘、资、沅、澧周边沿干流分布或在河流的交汇区域分布；适宜度等级较高的遗址类型偏向于丘陵型、台地型和平原型；宜居度中等及以上的遗址多分布在地形较低、朝南、微斜坡、地貌、土壤和植被类型最为丰富的区域。本文可为今后史前聚落遗址分布与自然环境分析提供借鉴意义。 |
| 关键词: 湖南地区 新石器时期 聚落遗址 地理探测器 适宜度评价 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE202021 |
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| 基金项目:湖南省“十三五”重点学科（风景园林学）（湘教发[2016]21号）；湖南省“双一流”学科建设项目（风景园林学）（湘教通[2018]469号） |
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| Evaluation of human settlement environment suitability of Neolithic settlement sites in Hunan Province based on geographical detector |
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DU Xinyu, HU Xijun, JIN Xiaoling, CAO Shiyi, LUO Ziwei, WEI Baojing
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School of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry &Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope In view of the fact that Hunan is one of the cradles of Neolithic culture in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, in order to better understand the relationship between man and land in Neolithic period, it constructs a comprehensive evaluation system of fuzzy index of human settlement environment in Neolithic settlement sites with seven indexes: elevation, slope, aspect, water, landform, soil and vegetation distribution type. Materials and methods In this paper, the weight of each factor is determined by using the factor detection method of geographic detector, and the weight value of each factor is weighted and superimposed and classified by comprehensive grade type in ArcGIS. Finally, it gets the evaluation results of the suitability of human settlements in Hunan Neolithic settlement sites. Results Altitude and water factors account for the highest weight value, settlement sites are distributed along rivers, which are mainly distributed around 5—413 m, accounting for 89.11% of the total. Settlement sites distributed in soil suitable for cultivation account for 82.94% of the total, they are mainly distributed between slope and plain. The area with moderate livability or above is 185900 km2, accounting for 87.77% of the total area. Discussion Since the ancient people used walking as their mode of transportation on land, they chose to live in low-altitude and south-facing plains and hills for daily communication and farming. Living near water can not only facilitate daily water intake and fishing, but also play the role of transportation or direction guidance. Plain provided convenient conditions for the agricultural activities of the ancients, while settlements were more inclined to the hills because of abundant animal and plant resources, which could reduce the risk of floods and beasts. Conclusions The living style of agriculture, gathering and hunting prompted them to choose to live in the plain and hills with rich resources and close to the water. Recommendations and perspectives The relationship between man and land in prehistoric settlements is a symbol of harmonious coexistence and gradual development between people and the environment in the early days. With the development of agriculture and population growth, it is required to further study human factors such as settlement expansion and social nature change. |
| Key words: Hunan area Neolithic period settlement sites geographical detector suitability evaluation |
