| 引用本文: | 肖良，王宏宇，国丽妍，李相传，孙楠，夏孝远，王佳楠.2023.铁杉属的起源、扩散与传播——基于化石证据【封面文章】[J].地球环境学报,14(1):9-26 |
| XIAO Liang, WANG Hongyu, GUO Liyan, LI Xiangchuan, SUN Nan, XIA Xiaoyuan, WANG Jianan.2023.Origin and spread of Tsuga (Endl.) Carrière based on fossil records【Cover】[J].Journal of Earth Environment,14(1):9-26 |
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| 摘要: |
| 铁杉属是松科的重要组成部分，具有典型的北美—东亚间断分布特征。关于该属的起源、扩散与传播，目前存在较多的争议。本次研究收集了亚洲铁杉属大化石记录，整合了铁杉属花粉记录，获取地质历史时期该属在中国的分布，推测该属的起源和传播路径。该属大约起源于晚白垩世的西欧地区，于马特斯里赫特期—达宁期通过欧亚大陆传播到中国，而在古新世—始新世时期通过北大西洋陆桥传播到北美。早始新世以后北美与东亚的铁杉属植物可以通过白令陆桥进行物种交流，当图尔盖海峡在渐新世干涸后，铁杉属能够通过西西伯利亚和中亚哈萨克斯坦地区在欧亚大陆上交流。在晚中新世铁杉属可以通过北大西洋陆桥进行交流。依据化石记录推断的铁杉属起源和传播的结果与分子学研究存在一定差异，需要更多的铁杉属化石记录及分子学研究提供更可靠的证据。 |
| 关键词: 铁杉属（Tsuga） 化石记录 植物古地理学 哈萨克斯坦 北大西洋陆桥 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE221002 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41872017）；长安大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（300102272206）；现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室（中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所）开放课题基金（183125）；陕西省早期生命与环境重点实验室开放基金（211827200366） |
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| Origin and spread of Tsuga (Endl.) Carrière based on fossil records【Cover】 |
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XIAO Liang, WANG Hongyu, GUO Liyan, LI Xiangchuan, SUN Nan, XIA Xiaoyuan, WANG Jianan
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1. School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, China Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
3. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Tsuga (Endl.) Carrière, commonly called hemlock, is an important constituent of the family Pinaceae that shows a typical disjunctive distribution between East Asia and North America. There are many controversies about the origin and spread of this genus, so in this paper we aim to discuss the phytogeography of this genus based on the collected fossil records. Materials and methods In this study, we collected the fossil records and integrated pollen records of Tsuga in Asia. Furthermore, considering the available paleogeographic data, we discussed the distribution of the genus in the geological history of China and speculated on the origin and spread of the genus. Results The earliest reliable fossil record of Tsuga is from Poland during the Late Cretaceous. In China, there are only nine reliable macrofossil records, while pollen records are very abundant. Discussion This genus originated approximately in Western Europe during the Late Cretaceous period, spread to China through Eurasia during the Maastrichtian—Danian period, and spread to North America through the North Atlantic Bridge during the Paleocene—Eocene Epoch. After the Early Eocene, the North American and East Asian populations exchanged through the Berringian Corridor. After the Turgai Strait dried up in the Oligocene, Tsuga exchanged on the Eurasian continent through the Kazakhstan and western Siberian regions of Central Asia. During the Late Miocene, Tsuga migrated across Iceland, Europe, and Greenland via the North Atlantic Land Bridge. Conclusions The microfossil records supplement the problems that many macrofossil records cannot reflect on the phytogeography of Tsuga. Tsuga originated approximately in Europe in the Late Cretaceous. In the entire Cenozoic, affected by various factors such as climate, it transmitted and communicated though land bridges in the northern hemisphere. Recommendations and perspectives Certain differences exist between the phytogeography content of the Tsuga genus based on fossil records and molecular studies. More fossil records of Tsuga and molecular studies are needed to provide more reliable evidence. |
| Key words: Tsuga (Endl.) Carrière fossil record phytogeography Kazakhstan North Atlantic Bridge |
