| 引用本文: | 武文琦，赵燕，田瀚文，陈怡平.2023.近40 a秦岭生境质量时空变化特征及驱动机制[J].地球环境学报,14(4):488-504 |
| WU Wenqi, ZHAO Yan, TIAN Hanwen, CHEN Yiping.2023.Spatio-temporal variation characteristics and driving mechanism of habitat quality of Qinling Mountains in recent 40 years[J].Journal of Earth Environment,14(4):488-504 |
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| 近40 a秦岭生境质量时空变化特征及驱动机制 |
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武文琦，赵燕，田瀚文，陈怡平
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1. 中国科学院地球环境研究所 黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室，西安 710061
2. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3. 陕西省秦岭生态安全重点实验室，西安 710043
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| 摘要: |
| 运用InVEST模型，研究秦岭生境质量时空变化及驱动机制，以期为秦岭生态文明建设与秦岭区域可持续发展提供理论依据。结果表明：秦岭土地利用方式以林地和草地为主，主要分布于中、西部，耕地与建设用地主要分布在东、南部。人类对秦岭干扰程度在2000年后开始增加，土地利用变幅超过总面积的2%。1980年、1990年、2000年、2010年、2020年，秦岭的平均生境质量（范围0—1）分别为0.7592、0.7594、0.7586、0.7585、0.7617，均处于“较高”等级。空间分布上，秦岭生境质量中、西部等级高，而东、南部等级低。在像元尺度上，秦岭生境质量较为稳定，显著变化的区域面积仅为2.74%。显著升高的区域主要集中在西南部略阳、勉县等区县，显著降低的区域主要集中在东部的洛南、商州等区县。秦岭的生境质量表现出显著的空间集聚特征，21世纪后，秦岭高质量生境集聚区域面积扩张，低质量的生境集聚区域面积降低。土地利用程度是影响秦岭生境质量最大的驱动因子，与之呈现显著的负相关关系，且影响范围分布于全域。秦岭生境质量的降低源于人类活动引起生境威胁源——建设用地与耕地的扩张，而生境质量的升高可能源于“退耕还林还草”、《陕西省秦岭生态环境保护条例》等其他生态保护政策的实施。今后，秦岭的生态保护与建设，一方面仍要继续推进生态保护工作；另一方面要加大对秦岭东部（如商州区、洛南县与丹凤县等）与南部（如汉阴县、汉滨区等）的关注。秦岭生境质量的增长优势在2010年后更为显著，充分说明“五位一体”总体布局极大推动了秦岭生态文明建设进程。 |
| 关键词: 生境质量 InVEST模型 秦岭 土地利用变化 生物多样性 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE222050 |
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| Spatio-temporal variation characteristics and driving mechanism of habitat quality of Qinling Mountains in recent 40 years |
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WU Wenqi, ZHAO Yan, TIAN Hanwen, CHEN Yiping
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1. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Xi’an 710043, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Qinling Mountains are the dividing line between north and south China and important ecological barriers in China. They play important ecological roles in water conservation, nutrient retention, carbon fixation and oxygen release, etc. The ecological quality of Qinling Mountains is closely related to the high-quality development of China. In order to provide a scientific basis for ecological civilization construction and sustainable development in the Qinling Mountains, this study analyzes the temporal and spatial changes of habitat quality in Qinling Mountains, and the impact of driving factor land use change on habitat quality in the past 40 years. Materials and methods This study evaluated habitat quality based on land use data. Firstly, the land use data of Qinling Mountains are analyzed. The land use data were reclassified and vectorized by ArcGIS 10.5 software. Through superposition analysis, the conversion mode and area change of different land use types between adjacent two periods of data were calculated, and the land use transfer matrix was obtained. Then, habitat quality model in InVEST model was used to analyze habitat quality of Qinling Mountains. Based on the sensitivity of the ecosystem to the threat sources, the influence distance of the threat sources, and the degree of interaction between the threat sources, the habitat degradation degree of Qinling Mountains can be obtained, and then the habitat quality can be evaluated. Subsequently, the dynamic analysis of the habitat quality at the pixel scale and the hot spot analysis were carried out to determine the temporal and spatial characteristics and changes of the habitat quality of the Qinling Mountains. Finally, based on MATLAB, the spatial correlation between the habitat quality of Qinling Mountains and natural factors such as precipitation, temperature and human factors such as land use degree is analyzed. Results Forest and grassland are the main land use methods in Qinling Mountains, accounting for about 79.67% of the area. From 1980 to 2000, the conversion of land use types in the Qinling Mountains was relatively small. After 2000, the conversion increased, and the proportion of the area of a single land use conversion can reach a maximum of more than 2%. The results of the five-phase study from 1980 to 2020 showed that the average of the habitat quality of Qinling Mountains was 0.7592, 0.7594, 0.7586, 0.7585, and 0.7617, which has always been at a “high” level. On the pixel scale, the habitat quality of Qinling Mountains is relatively stable, and the area with significant changes is only 2.74%. The regions with significant increase are mainly concentrated in Lueyang, Mianxian and other counties or districts in the southwest, while the regions with significant decrease are mainly concentrated in Luonan and Shangzhou and other counties or districts in the east. On the spatial scale, the habitat quality of the Qinling Mountains is high in the middle and west, and low in the east and south. The significant increase was mainly concentrated in the southwest, while the significant decrease was mainly concentrated in the northeast. The habitat quality of Qinling Mountains also showed significant spatial agglomeration characteristics. After the 21st century, high-value agglomeration area, which is the area of hot spots in the habitat quality of Qinling Mountains expanded, and low-value agglomeration area, which is the area of cold spots decreased. The cold spots of Qinling habitat quality are mainly distributed in the southern and eastern parts of the Qinling Mountains, and the hot spots are mainly distributed in the eastern Qinling Mountains. The land use degree was the biggest driving factor affecting the habitat quality in Qinling Mountains, and there was a significant negative correlation with it. The effects of average annual temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and land use degree on the habitat quality in the Qinling Mountains were scattered in the whole region. The influence range of annual precipitation is mainly concentrated in the central and western regions. The influence range of potential evapotranspiration is mainly concentrated in the west. The influence range of relative humidity is mainly concentrated in the southern border and the northeast. Discussion The changes in habitat quality of the Qinling Mountains originated from changes in land use, which were determined by local human activities. During the 40 years from 1980 to 2020, the degradation of the habitat quality of the Qinling Mountains was mainly due to the disturbance of local human activities, which caused two major threats— the expansion of construction land and cultivated land, which further led to an increase in the scope of threats to the habitat. In the past 10 years, the habitat quality of Qinling Mountains has rebounded, which may be related to the “Grain for Green” policy, “Regulations of Qinling Ecological Environment Protection in Shaanxi Province” and other implementation of ecological protection policies, which led to the conversion of habitat threat sources to land use types with high habitat suitability, further reducing the impact of habitat threats. Conclusions From 1980 to 2020, 1.61% of the habitat quality in Qinling Moutains was significantly reduced, but it was always at the “high” level, showing the spatial characteristics of being high in the central and western regions and relatively low in the east and southern regions. Since 1980, economic development has accelerated the expansion of habitat threats and increased human disturbance to the habitat. However, the improvement of the habitat quality of the Qinling Mountains in the past 10 years reflects that the ecological protection work of the Qinling Mountains has achieved results. The land use degree is the biggest driving factor affecting the habitat quality in Qinling Mountains, and it is significantly negatively correlated with it. Recommendations and perspectives Ecological protection work in the Qinling Mountains has been effective from 1980 to 2020. In the future, the protection and construction of the Qinling Mountains should not only maintain the existing efforts, but also pay more attention to the work in the eastern part of the Qinling Mountains (such as Shangzhou District, Luonan County and Danfeng County, etc.) and the southern part (Hanyin County, Hanbin District, etc.). The growth advantage of Qinling’s habitat quality is more significant after 2010, which fully shows that the Five-sphere Integrated Plan has greatly promoted the construction of Qinling’s ecological civilization. |
| Key words: habitat quality InVEST model Qinling Mountains land use change biodiversity |
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