| 引用本文: | 万珍宁,李灵,濮梦婕,徐奔拓,燕磊.2024.粤港澳大湾区水环境中新污染物的分布特征及其健康风险评估的研究进展[J].地球环境学报,15(5):729-742 |
| WAN Zhenning,LI Ling,PU Meng jie,XU Bentuo,YAN Lei.2024.Research progress on distribution characteristics and health risk assessment of emerging contaminants in water environment of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area[J].Journal of Earth Environment,15(5):729-742 |
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| 摘要: |
| 近年来，新污染物在粤港澳大湾区水环境中频繁检出，尽管它们在环境中的浓度较低，但大部分污染物具有生物毒性、环境持久性、生物累积性等特征，会对生态环境和生物体造成威胁。基于此，针对近些年来大湾区新污染物的研究进行文献调查和整理，建立该地区新污染物的数据库，用于了解新污染物的分布概况、来源解析和风险评估。结果表明：东江流域出现的全氟/多氟烷基物质（PFASs）严重污染，可能是由氟化物工业、消防泡沫、电子产品行业造成。抗生素污染则主要发生在养殖畜牧业发达的珠江三角洲、西江和北江流域。内分泌干扰物（EDCs）污染主要是由于酚类异源雌激素污染较为严重，其空间分布与人口密度分布极为相似。健康风险评价显示：大多数新污染物暂未对人类健康有不利影响，但全氟十二烷酸（PFDoA）对0—3月龄的新生儿存在健康风险。这项工作揭示了大湾区新污染物的污染概况，可为进一步研究大湾区新污染物的发生及风险评价提供一定的基础。 |
| 关键词: 粤港澳大湾区 新污染物 主成分分析法 健康风险评价 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE241003 |
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| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金项目（21ZDA028）；温州生态园科研项目（SY2022ZD-1002-11） |
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| Research progress on distribution characteristics and health risk assessment of emerging contaminants in water environment of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area |
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WAN Zhenning1, LI Ling2, PU Meng jie1, XU Bentuo1*, YAN Lei1
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1. College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
2. Hangzhou Branch, China Telecom Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310003, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope In recent years, emerging contaminants had been frequently detected in the water environment of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Despite their low concentration, many of these contaminants exhibit biotoxicity, environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, etc., posing potential threats to ecosystems and organisms. An extensive literature review and systematic compilation on emerging contaminants in the Greater Bay Area over recent years was conducted to establish a comprehensive and robust database. This resource aids in understanding the distribution patterns, source identification, and risk assessment associated with these contaminants. Materials and methods A database of emerging contaminants in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area was created by investigating and collating relevant literatures in recent years. Results Severe per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) pollution was found in the East River Basin, while antibiotic contamination affected the Pearl River Delta, West, and North River basins. The distribution of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) correlates with population density, with densely populated areas suffering from significant phenolic xenoestrogens pollution. Health risk assessments indicate that most emerging contaminants currently pose no adverse effects on human health. Except for perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) which presents a potential health risk for newborns aged 0—3 months. Discussion Wastewater from industries related to the paper manufacturing, textile, electronic products, and firefighting foam industries in Dongguan and Guangzhou contributes to PFASs pollution in the East River Basin. Despite the restrictions on perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), its persistence remains an issue, with perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) emerging as a substitute for PFOA. Antibiotic pollution is predominantly concentrated in the Pearl River Estuary, West, and North rivers, which is associated with the intensive aquaculture in the West River and North River regions, as well as the numerous pig farms near Shenzhen. EDCs pollution is most severe in densely populated urban centers, decreasing downstream, which reflects the distribution patterns of human habitation. High population density and intense anthropogenic activities may result in substantial discharges of wastewater containing phenolic xenoestrogens into the environment. Additionally, the electronics and metal industries are significant contribute to flame retardants (PFRs) pollution. Chlorinated and aryl-substituted PFRs have been detected across all water bodies, while alkyl-substituted PFRs exhibit lower persistence, probably limited long-range transport, and lower detection rates in seawater near remote islands. Health risk assessments indicate that, while individual pollutants currently pose no substantial threat to human health, PFDoA presents a potential health risk for newborns. Moreover, the combined toxicity of emerging contaminants, along with the health risks posed by their transformation and migration in the environment, including novel substitutes, cannot be overlooked. Conclusions The water environment of the Greater Bay Area face significant pollution from emerging contaminants. More attention is required to the impact of exposure to emerging contaminants on the ecosystem and human health. Recommendations and perspectives This study provides an overview of emerging contaminants in the Greater Bay Area, and provides a basis for further research on their occurrence and risk assessment in the Greater Bay Area. |
| Key words: Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area emerging contaminants principal component analysis health risk assessment |
