| 引用本文: | 刘燕，张超锋，王震宇，黄宇.2023.常温催化抗菌研究现状及展望[J].地球环境学报,14(4):395-408 |
| LIU Yan, ZHANG Chaofeng, WANG Zhenyu, HUANG Yu.2023.A review on room-temperature catalysts for antibacteria[J].Journal of Earth Environment,14(4):395-408 |
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| 常温催化抗菌研究现状及展望 |
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刘燕，张超锋，王震宇，黄宇
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1. 中国科学院地球环境研究所 中国科学院气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室，西安 710061
2. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3. 中国科学院地球环境研究所 黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室，西安 710061
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| 摘要: |
| 病原微生物所引发的传染性疾病严重威胁人类健康和生命。传统抗菌技术通常需要外加光、热等能量，如紫外线、光催化、微波等，实际应用受限。常温催化作为一种新型抗菌技术，能够在常温条件下发生催化氧化反应，产生强氧化性的活性氧物种而起杀菌作用。因此，常温催化技术在抗菌领域具有应用优势，综述其抗菌研究现状对于系统性认知常温催化抗菌具有指导意义。本文阐述了常温催化抗菌材料及其活性氧物种产生过程，介绍了常温催化抗菌性能的评价方法，讨论了常温催化抗菌的作用机制，重点分析了常温催化抗菌性能的影响因素。此外，基于国内外常温催化的抗菌研究现状，指出了常温催化抗菌研究存在的问题及未来发展趋势。 |
| 关键词: 抗菌材料 常温催化 活性氧物种 影响因素 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE221018 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2017YFC0212200） |
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| A review on room-temperature catalysts for antibacteria |
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LIU Yan, ZHANG Chaofeng, WANG Zhenyu, HUANG Yu
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1. Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Pathogenic microorganisms, especially bacteria and viruses, could endanger human health by causing kinds of infectious diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the morbidity and mortality rates of infectious diseases occupy the first place among all diseases. Thus, it’s important to prevent pathogenic microorganisms for controlling infectious diseases. Traditional antibacterial technologies include microwave antibacterial, ultraviolet antibacterial, ionic antibacterial, chemical oxidation antibacterial, and photocatalytic antibacterial, etc. Although they have antimicrobial properties, there may be application limitations in high energy consumption or certain toxicity, poor stability, poor durability, susceptible to drug resistance. Room-temperature catalytic oxidation could realize antibacterial effect under atmospheric environment, with the advantages of good stability and durability, biological safety, efficient and thorough sterilization, and unlikely to drug resistance. However, only a few researches on room-temperature catalytic antibacterial materials were studied, and there is no relevant review. The supplementary review has significant guidance for systematic understanding of room-temperature catalytic antibacterial materials. Materials and methods This review systematically summarized the room-temperature catalytic antibacterial materials and mainly focused on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production process and antibacterial mechanism, the evaluation methods and influence factors of antibacterial properties. Results The common room-temperature antibacterial catalysts include metallic oxide, noble metal, and carbon-based materials. These catalysts can produce strong oxidized ROS of superoxide radical (·O2-), hydroxyl radical (·OH), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at room temperature, which would cause oxidative stress reaction, damage cellular structure, disrupt the metabolic process, and result in cell death at last. Studies showed that the antibacterial activity was mainly attributed to ROS. As no relevant standard was established, the test methods of antibacterial activity and exogenous ROS can refer to relevant literatures or the standards of photocatalytic antibacteria or air disinfection. According to the current researches, a three-step process was proposed to define the synergy of antibacterial activity: direct contact, ROS generation, and bacterial death. The major influence factors of antibacterial performance include the species and concentrations of ROS, material microstructures and external evaluation system. Discussion ROS of room-temperature catalysts were generally produced via the process as follows: O2 molecule was adsorbed on the surface active sites, then O2 molecule obtained one electron and generated into ·O2-, and ·O2- could react with surface water (H2O) molecule to further transform into ·OH or H2O2. The higher concentration of ROS often accounts for the stronger antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity and exogenous ROS are essential for the evaluation of antibacterial properties of room-temperature catalysts. For antibacterial activity, the oscillation method and agar diffusion method were usually used: inhibition zone and plate count were applied for qualitatively and quantitatively evaluation for liquid system, respectively; and the relevant air disinfection GB 21551.3—2010 and WS/T 648—2019 standards are recommended to be referred for gas system. For exogenous ROS, electron spin resonance (ESR) was widely conducted for ·O2- and ·OH measurement through spin trapping, and H2O2 was mainly tested by chemical titration or spectrophotometry. Antibacterial activity mainly relied on the strong oxidation capacity of ROS for broad-spectrum sterilization, which was considered to cause oxidative stress reaction and lead to damage of proteins, cell membranes and DNA. Antibacterial mechanism was widely considered to be followed three steps: contact adsorption or wrapping of materials with bacterial cells; room-temperature catalytic production of ROS to induce oxidative stress; damage to cellular structure and resulting in cell death. Generally, ROS sterilization has been proposed to destroy the integrity of cell wall/membrane, affect enzyme activity, and damage protein or DNA/RNA. In addition, comprehensive understanding of the influence factors for antibacterial properties is important for activity improvement. It was classified into two categories as internal factors and external factors. ROS could directly participate in the antibacterial process that both species and concentrations may affect the antibacterial activity. Material microstructure, as a key factor, could determine the formation of ROS. The external evaluation system (including methods and conditions) would also influence the antibacterial properties. Therefore, controlling the microstructures of morphology, size, surface defects is the key factor to improve the antibacterial activity of room-temperature catalysts. Reasonably selection of evaluation method, bacteria, material concentration, and bacterial concentration should be taken into account at the same time. Conclusions Room-temperature catalysis could achieve antibacterial effect by ROS under atmospheric conditions, showing obvious advantages in antibacterial application. However, the antibacterial research of room-temperature catalysts still remains in laboratory research of only liquid system. The relevant studies are much less than photocatalysts, and the antibacterial mechanism is not deep enough. Recommendations and perspectives Therefore, the antibacterial research of room-temperature catalysts should become a new hotspot and be mainly focused on novel materials, the improvement of antibacterial activity, and intensive study of antibacterial mechanism at the molecular level. Furthermore, antibacterial research on gas system should be taken as a new direction, which is significant in practical application and development prospects. |
| Key words: antibacterial materials room-temperature catalysis reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence factors |
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