| 引用本文: | 李皎，孙从建，陈伟，张齐飞，刘显，周思捷，林若静.2022.汾河下游地表水环境特征及污染源解析[J].地球环境学报,13(4):380-392 |
| LI Jiao, SUN Congjian, CHEN Wei, ZHANG Qifei, LIU Xian, ZHOU Sijie, LIN Ruojing.2022.Characteristics of surface water environment and source identification of water pollutants in the downstream of Fenhe River[J].Journal of Earth Environment,13(4):380-392 |
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| 摘要: |
| 水资源是区域发展的重要战略资源，地表水作为区域水资源的重要组成，其整体环境变化对于区域经济社会可持续发展具有重要的影响。本研究基于汾河下游15个水质监测断面2013—2017年的16项水质指标，采用水污染指数法（WPI）和多元统计方法，以水质定量评价为基础，评估了汾河下游地表水水环境特征及其变化的主要控制因素。结果表明：（1）汾河下游水质以《GB 3838—2002，地表水环境质量标准》中劣Ⅴ类水为主，WPI值的多年平均值为74.1—636.2；（2）水质的年际变化上，2015年Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类水的占比最高，水质状况最差；（3）在空间上，位于汾河干流尧都区段及涝洰河的6个监测断面污染程度高于其他区域；（4）研究区营养盐（TP、NH3-N）和耗氧有机污染物（COD Mn、COD Cr ）等典型污染物主要来自城市生活污水、农业废水，霍州市和洪洞县的水质恶化受工业废水排放的影响最大。污染程度具有从北向南、从上游向下游逐渐减弱的特征。研究显示：汾河下游水环境污染严重，汾河干流道美桥—尧都段和涝洰河应当作为区域水环境治理的重点。 |
| 关键词: 水环境 时空特征 污染源 汾河下游 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE222014 |
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| 基金项目:2021年山西省研究生教育改革研究课题（2021YJJG133） |
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| Characteristics of surface water environment and source identification of water pollutants in the downstream of Fenhe River |
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LI Jiao, SUN Congjian, CHEN Wei, ZHANG Qifei, LIU Xian, ZHOU Sijie, LIN Ruojing
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School of Geographical Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope As an important water resource, surface water plays a significant role in the economic and social development of the region. Fenhe River is the second largest tributary of the Yellow River and is considered the mother river of the Shanxi people. Due to global climate change and rapid urbanization, the water environment of the river basin has deteriorated significantly, and as a result of water pollution, the economy and society of the region have been seriously hindered in their efforts to develop sustainably. This study investigated the characteristics of the surface water environment and the sources of pollutants in the downstream of the Fenhe River. Materials and methods An analysis of 16 parameters from 15 monitoring sections in the study area during 2013—2017 was conducted using the water pollution index (WPI), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), discriminant analysis (DA), and factor analysis (FA). Results The value of the multi-year average of WPI varies between 74.1 and 636.2. In accordance with GB 3838—2002, environmental quality standards for surface water, the water quality of 66.7% of monitoring sections is generally worse than that of Class Ⅴ. In Zhaocheng, the WPI value is the highest and the water pollution is the most severe. Discussion Among the interannual variations in water quality, 2015 had the lowest quality, with 93% of Class Ⅴ and inferior Class Ⅴ water. As a result of the water treatment of Fenhe River, major pollutants such as CODCr, NH 3-N, TP and COD Mn have been significantly reduced in surface waters after 2015. In the downstream of the Fenhe River, water environment treatment and ecological restoration will be focused on sections of Daomei Bridge, Zhaocheng, Hongtong, Ganting and Gaohe Bridge where water quality fluctuates significantly from year to year. Water quality of the monitoring sections located upstream of Yaodu section of Fenhe River and Laoju River is affected by the spatial distribution of geographical locations, with high nutrients (TP and NH 3-N), high oxygen-consuming organic matter (COD Mn and COD Cr ), and high toxic organic matter (VP and CN) and low DO concentrations. Surface water is typically polluted by TP, F −, DO, and oxygen-consuming organic matter, followed by Hg and NH 3-N, which are also affected by heavy metal pollution. The pollution degree gradually weakens from north to south and from upstream to downstream. The downstream of the Fenhe River is heavily polluted by domestic sewage and agricultural non-point source pollution, while industrial pollution has the greatest impact in Huozhou and Hongtong, where the water quality is the worst. Conclusions The research results demonstrate that the water environment of the downstream of Fenhe River is seriously polluted. More attention should be given to the restoration of the water environment along the Daomei Bridge—Yaodu section of the trunk stream of the Fenhe River and Laoju River. Recommendations and perspectives The results of this study can serve as a scientific basis for the comprehensive management of the water environment in Fenhe River Basin. |
| Key words: water environment temporal-spatial characteristics pollutants source downstream of Fenhe River |
