| 引用本文: | 易武英，刘国平，王娟，喻理飞，李勇，吴金水，沈健林.2023.亚热带丘陵区集约化养猪场氨气近源沉降的土壤和植物氮素响应[J].地球环境学报,14(2):182-192 |
| YI Wuying, LIU Guoping, WANG Juan, YU Lifei, LI Yong, WU Jinshui, SHEN Jianlin.2023.The nitrogen in soil and plant tissues responding to ammonia deposition in the neighboring of an intensive pig farm in subtropical hilly area of China[J].Journal of Earth Environment,14(2):182-192 |
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| 摘要: |
| 选取中国亚热带丘陵区一集约化育肥猪场为研究对象，采用环形扩散管大气采样系统（DELTA），开展为期1 a养殖场500 m近源区大气氨浓度监测，采用双向交换模型，估算氨沉降量。采集养猪场近源区土壤、植株样品，探究大型集约化养殖场近源区土壤、植物氮素对氨沉降梯度的响应特征。结果表明：养猪场近源区土壤无机氮含量为2.3—32.4 mg·kg−1（以铵态氮为主），随氨沉降量增加而增加。草本（白茅）盖度随氨沉降量增加而增加，500 m范围内增幅平均可达45.7%；灌木（黄荆）盖度随氨沉降量增加而减小，降幅平均为27.5%。植株叶片氮含量与氨沉降间关系不明显，灌木、苔藓叶片δ15N值为−13‰—−2‰，且随氨沉降增加而减小。δ15N可用于识别植物叶片氮素来源，与植株叶片总氮含量相比，植株叶片δ15N对氨沉降具有更好的生物指示作用。 |
| 关键词: 氨气 干沉降 空间格局 土壤 植物 养猪场 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE222046 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（4211101081，41771336）；湖南省杰出青年基金项目（2022JJ10056） |
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| The nitrogen in soil and plant tissues responding to ammonia deposition in the neighboring of an intensive pig farm in subtropical hilly area of China |
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YI Wuying, LIU Guoping, WANG Juan, YU Lifei, LI Yong, WU Jinshui, SHEN Jianlin
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1. Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
2. Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
3. College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
4. College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope China is widely recognized as the largest producer and consumer
of pig. However, pig farming has led to significant ammonia (NH3) emissions, which have resulted in high NH3 deposition in the surrounding areas. This high level of NH3 deposition can cause adverse effects on natural and semi-natural ecosystems around the farms. In this paper, we aim to investigate the impact of NH3 deposition on soil and plant nitrogen around an intensive fattening pig farm located in the subtropical hilly area of China. Materials and methods Monthly monitoring of NH3 concentrations within 500 m of the pig farm was conducted between Jul. 2018 and Jun. 2019 using DELTA (Denuder for Long-Term Atmospheric sampling) systems. NH3 deposition was calculated using a bidirectional NH3 exchange model. Soil and plant samples were collected along the farm to explore the response characteristics of soil and plant nitrogen to NH3 deposition gradient in the neighborhood of the farm. Results The soil inorganic nitrogen content, mainly ammonium, significantly increased with increasing NH3 deposition in the neighborhood of the pig farm (2.3—32.4 mg·kg−1). With increasing NH3 deposition, the percentage cover of grass species Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv increased significantly (by 45.7% on average), while that of the bush species Vitex negundo L. decreased significantly (by 27.5% on average). Bush and moss leaf δ15N values (−13‰—−2‰) were negatively correlated with NH3 deposition, while no clear relationship was found between plant leaf nitrogen content and NH3 deposition. Compared to leaf nitrogen content, leaf δ15N values were found to be a better bioindicator for NH3 deposition. Discussion Our results indicated that NH3 deposition caused by intensive pig farms can induce the increase of soil inorganic nitrogen content in the neighborhood of the farm. The high soil inorganic nitrogen, especially ammonium nitrogen, will cause soil acidification and increase of soil greenhouse gases emissions (e.g., N2O). The changed plant cover and leaf nitrogen content at different distance from the farm means that the NH3 deposition might have changed plant biodiversity. Thus, it is necessary to take measures to reduce NH3 emissions from intensive animal farms. Conclusions This study demonstrates that there was a high level of NH3 deposition in the neighborhood of an intensive pig farm, and that this has significant impacts on soil inorganic nitrogen content and plant cover. Recommendations and perspectives The study recommends that the regions around intensive animal farms with the natural nitrogen deposition gradient be ideal places for studying the effects of nitrogen deposition. |
| Key words: ammonia dry deposition spatial pattern soil plant pig farm |
