| 摘要: |
| 提供多角度的雅丹演化研究述评，主要内容包括：（1）介绍雅丹的界定和形态，明确雅丹地貌特点；（2）阐述地球雅丹的形貌演化、高度演化和气候驱动机制，解释雅丹演化“短期变”的四个阶段和“长期变”的气候驱动成因；（3）概述地外天体雅丹：火星、金星和土卫六上均发现雅丹，但其研究还局限于形貌学。基于对已有成果的梳理，提出：（1）雅丹侵蚀时间和雅丹地层年代研究不足，不利于地-气耦合关系的深入探讨；（2）雅丹区的风蚀能力被低估，封闭盆地内万年尺度的沉积间断对古气候重建中的地层年代分辨率提出了新要求；（3）雅丹区地貌协同演化和地-气耦合系统仍有待深入研究。最后，针对上述问题进行了研究展望。 |
| 关键词: 雅丹地貌 演化模型 年代 风蚀 地表过程 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE231010 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42202262）；湖北省自然科学基金项目（2022CFB687）；湖北省教育厅科学技术研究计划（Q20222505）；流域关键带演化湖北省重点实验室开放基金（2021F04） |
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| Progresses and future directions on yardangs [Cover] |
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DING Zhaojing, LAI Zhongping, WANG Jiang
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1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435000, China
2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
3. Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Yardang is a kind of typical wind-eroded landform in arid zones both on Earth and other planets. Their geomorphic process records the surface changes and climate, which may play a vital role in exploring the coupled landform-atmosphere system in arid zones. Recently, significant progresses have been made in this research field, and a review is still absent, which is the aim of the paper. Materials and methods Previous studies on the distribution, composition, morphology, and climatic driving force of yardang landform were reviewed. Results Earth yardang’s three evolutionary models were generalized: morphology evolution model, altitude evolution model and climate driven evolution model. Extraterrestrial yardang and its evolution are also summarized: the morphology is dominated by long ridges on Venus and Titan, and three yardang evolution hypotheses and an indirect dating method based on stratigraphic contact have been studied on Mars. Discussion In this study, firstly, the definition and morphology of yardang were described to define its characteristics. Secondly, we argue that yardang evolution has two dimensions: short-term variation and long-term variation. In the short-term variation, the morphological evolution of yardang on earth can be divided into four stages: embryonic stage, juvenile stage, mature stage, and demise stage. In the long-term variation, the evolution of yardang on earth is climate-driven, i.e., it is controlled by atmospheric circulation changes during glacial-interglacial periods. Thirdly, yardang research on extraterrestrial bodies was also summarized: yardang has been found on Mars, Venus, and Titan, and the research focus by far are on geomorphology only. Conclusions (1) Yardang landform is an erosion landform with alternating ridges and troughs, with main form of whale back shape and fluctuations in the range of aspect ratios; (2) the short-term variation of yardang is manifested in its morphological evolution and height change, while the long-term variation is climate-driven; (3) based on Earth yardang, extraterrestrial yardang research has been carried out on Mars, Venus, and Titan. Recommendations and perspectives We then proposed that: (1) yardang formation ages, due to the erosion characteristics, are difficult to constraint; (2) the wind erosion capacity in the yardang areas might have been severely underestimated, making it essential to re-evaluate the previous paleoclimate reconstruction in the closed basins with limited chronological data; (3) yardang evolution is driven by climate change, but the coupling relationship between the yardang geomorphy and the air circulation is still unclear. Finally, future research directions: (1) more chronological data are needed, as well as the wind erosion capacity for yardang initiation and development; (2) the co-evolution of mid-low latitude landforms involved in yardang long-term variation and its relationship with global atmospheric circulation. |
| Key words: yardang landform evolutionary model chronology wind erosion surface process |
