| 引用本文: | 王超,王占恺,李辉林,童立志,罗培,胡清.2024.粤港澳大湾区土壤高砷环境背景成因分析及风险管控建议[J].地球环境学报,15(5):702-711 |
| WANG Chao,WANG Zhankai,LI Huilin,TONG Lizhi,LUO Pei,HU Qing.2024.Cause analysis and risk control suggestions of high soil environmental background of arsenic in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area[J].Journal of Earth Environment,15(5):702-711 |
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| 粤港澳大湾区土壤高砷环境背景成因分析及风险管控建议 |
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王超1, 2，王占恺1，李辉林2，童立志3，罗培1，胡清1, 2*
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1.南方科技大学 环境科学与工程学院，深圳 518055
2.南方科技大学工程技术创新中心（北京），北京 100083
3.生态环境部华南环境科学研究所，广州 510655
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| 摘要: |
| 粤港澳大湾区（以下简称“大湾区”）土壤砷的环境背景值较高，进一步加剧了大湾区土地资源紧张的现状。大湾区的高强度土地开发利用活动令高砷环境背景区的土壤流向低背景区，从而导致低背景区建设用地土壤污染风险增加。详细探讨大湾区土壤高砷环境背景成因并提出高砷环境背景区的土壤环境风险管控建议：（1）大湾区土壤高砷环境背景包括地球化学过程和非点源输入两种成因。地球化学过程受成土环境、地质构造运动和气候环境的影响；非点源输入包括大气干湿沉降、降雨径流的冲刷和淋洗等。（2）提出高砷环境背景区建设用地的污染风险管控流程，可避免因背景值高导致的过度风险评价及过度修复，有助于对高砷背景区土壤的差异化、科学化管理。 |
| 关键词: 粤港澳大湾区 土壤 环境背景值 砷 成因分析 风险管控 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE231011 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2019YFC1803900） |
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| Cause analysis and risk control suggestions of high soil environmental background of arsenic in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area |
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WANG Chao1, 2, WANG Zhankai1, LI Huilin2, TONG Lizhi3, LUO Pei1, HU Qing1, 2*
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1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
2. SUSTech Engineering Technology Innovation Center (Beijing), Southern University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
3. South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510655, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope The soil environmental background value of arsenic in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (hereinafter referred to as “Greater Bay Area”) is high, which further aggravates the current situation of land resource tension. The high-intensity land development and utilization activities in the Greater Bay Area make the soil in the high-arsenic environmental background area flow to the low background area, resulting in the increased risk of soil pollution in the low background area. In the absence of research on the soil classification and grading management system in high-arsenic environmental background areas, environmental management departments cannot carry out refined soil management. Thus, this study discusses in detail the causes of high environmental background of arsenic in the Greater Bay Area, and puts forward suggestions on soil risk management and control strategies in the high-arsenic environmental background area. Materials and methods To tackle the questions as mentioned above, this paper reviews the arsenic background data of cities in the Greater Bay Area, causes of high-arsenic background soils and management strategies of such soil in other cities and countries at home and abroad. Results The causes for the high environmental background of arsenic in the soil of Greater Bay Area include two: geochemical process and non-point source input. The geochemical process is affected by the soil forming environment, geological tectonic movement and climatic environment; non-point source inputs include atmospheric dry and wet deposition, rainfall run-off and wash-off, etc. Discussion The content of heavy metal elements in the soil of the Greater Bay Area largely inherits the characteristics of the regional parent rocks, so the widely distributed arsenic-rich parent rocks of carbonatite and sand shale in the Greater Bay Area provide the material source. Geological structure has a certain promotion effect on the enrichment of arsenic in the soil. The climate characteristics of high temperature and high humidity affect the pH value, Eh value and the content of element-containing (such as Fe, Al and Mn) compounds in the soil, and then promote the migration and transformation of arsenic. Various human production and living activities bring non-point source pollution into the soil mainly through atmospheric dry and wet deposition, scouring and leaching of rainfall run-off, etc. Considering the geological characteristics of the Greater Bay Area and referring to the Technical guidelines for the classification of soil environmental quality of agricultural land (on trial), this paper proposes the soil pollution risk management and control process for construction land in high-arsenic environmental background areas. Firstly, the environmental management authorities identify the environmental high-arsenic background areas and issue the map; secondly, combined with environmental factors such as geology and ecological function zoning, formulate the classification management standards for the high-arsenic environmental background areas, and compile the classification list of corresponding construction projects. Among them, Category A is the priority category, that is, the arsenic content of the site and surrounding areas are lower than the environmental background value, and the land can be used according to the original plan. Category B is the strict-access category, that is, the arsenic content of the site and surrounding areas is slightly higher than the environmental background value (for example, the proportion is less than 30%), and the land can be used according to the original plan after risk management and control. Category C is the conditionally restricted category, that is, the arsenic content of the site and surrounding areas is high (for example, the proportion is greater than 30%). Conclusions This paper analyzes the causes of soil high-arsenic background in the Greater Bay Area in terms of four aspects including soil-forming environment, geological tectonic movement, climatic environment and non-point source pollution. And the pollution risk management and control process of construction land in the high-arsenic environmental background area are put forward, which can avoid excessive risk assessment and restoration, and is conducive to the differential and scientific soil management in the high-arsenic background area. Recommendations and perspectives Risk control measures should be carried out and land use planning should be adjusted. This management and control measures can promote the quantitative management of “one place, one policy” for soil environmental quality management, and provide scientific basis and technical support for revitalizing the land resources in the Greater Bay Area and safeguarding the health of the population. Also, this suggestion can avoid the “one-size-fits-all” phenomenon of soil management caused by only using the screening value, which is helpful for the differentiated and scientific management of environmental high-arsenic background areas, and avoids excessive risk assessment and excessive restoration caused by high background values. |
| Key words: Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area soil environmental background value arsenic cause analysis risk management and control |
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