| 摘要: |
| 景观作为理解和塑造人类社会与环境最具操作性的尺度，其土壤保持功能是实现景观可持续性的重要条件。在遥感和GIS技术的支持下，采用改进的通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE）对内蒙古锡林郭勒盟景观土壤保持功能的空间分布进行研究。研究表明，研究区土壤保持总量为1.699×109 t ∙ a−1，单位面积土壤保持量为85.39 t ∙ hm−2 ∙ a−1；土壤中N、P、K元素保持量分别为9.25×106 t ∙ a−1、6.14×106 t ∙ a−1、3.41×107 t ∙ a−1。按一级景观估算，土壤保持能力从强到弱依次为林地>耕地>草地>住宅用地>未利用地>水域；按二级景观估算，土壤保持能力以灌木林地为最高，其次分别为有林地、疏林地、丘陵旱地、平原旱地、高盖度草原、山地旱地、中盖度草原，最差的是盐碱地和裸岩石质地。不同景观的土壤保持功能随植被覆盖度的增加呈非线性增长趋势，当植被覆盖度小于50%时，单位面积土壤保持量随植被覆盖度增大而缓慢增加；当植被覆盖度大于50%时，土壤保持功能随植被覆盖度增大而显著增加。因地制宜地提高研究区的植被覆盖度，合理配置景观空间分布格局，有助于景观服务功能的发展，从而对区域生态安全和人类福祉做出更大贡献。 |
| 关键词: 锡林郭勒盟 景观服务 土壤保持功能 空间分布 植被覆盖度 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE182005 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE182005 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2013MS0506） |
| 英文基金项目:Nature Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2013MS0506) |
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| Soil conservation function and its spatial distribution of different landscapes in Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia |
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JIANG Xinyang, JIA Zhibin, ZHANG Xuefeng, ZHUO Yi, QIE Yingxiang
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1. School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
2. Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hohhot 010010, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Landscape services are the benefits people obtain from the landscape, and it is the basis for improving human well-being and achieving landscape sustainability. With the increasing intensity of human activities, the landscape services and landscape functions on the earth are affected by human activities in different degrees. Soil erosion is a natural process, however, due to human activities, great changes have taken place in erosion forms, the degree of loss, the spatial distribution of landscapes. In this case study, we select Xilin Gol League as study area, and soil conservation function as a major study content, to analyze the spatial distribution characters of soil conservation function of landscape types and sub-landscape types in 2014, to estimate the organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in study area, to analyze the relationship between vegetation coverage and soil conservation function. Above all , this paper quantifies and spatializes soil conservation, which could provide some valuable theories to policy makers and stakeholders. Materials and methods Based on ArcGIS and TM image data of Xilin Gol League in 2014, this paper uses RUSLE model to estimate soil conservation, which needs precipitation data, harmonized world soil database, DEM (spatial resolution 90 m×90 m) and MODIS (time resolution 16 d; spatial resolution 250 m×250 m). First of all, we use GIS spatial overlay analysis to describe the spatial distribution of soil conservation and calculate the capacity based on landscape scale. Secondly, analyze whether if the vegetation coverage have an effect on soil conservation. Thirdly, estimate soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content by using GIS zonal statistics module. Results the result show that (1) The total soil conservation of Xilin Gol League is 1.699×109 t ∙ a−1, soil conservation per unit area is 85.39 t ∙ hm−2 ∙ a−1. According to the landscape types, soil conservation capacity from strong to weak is forestry > arable land > grassland > residential land > unutilized land > water body. (2) Soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content respectively is 9.25×106 t ∙ a−1, 6.14×106 t ∙ a−1, 3.41×107 t ∙ a−1.(3) According to the sub-landscape types, the highest soil conservation capacity is shrub land, the second is closed forest land, open forest land, hilly dryland, plain paddy field, high coverage grassland, mountainous dryland and moderate coverage grassland. The worst is saline-alkali land and bare rock stone landscape. (4) Soil conservation function of different landscape types is nonlinear growth trend with the increase of vegetation coverage, when vegetation coverage is less than 50%, soil conservation per unit area increase slow. When vegetation coverage is more than 50%, soil conservation per unit area increase significantly. Discussion Different landscape types have different soil conservation capacity. Grassland landscape as the main part of study area, however, has not played the substantive role in soil conservation. Therefore, increasing the soil conservation ability of grassland landscape, reducing man-made unreasonable land use, returning farmland into forest and grass, implementing grazing prohibition in time will make an important contribution to keep landscape sustainability. Conclusions Based on RUSLE model and GIS technology, this paper estimated different landscape soil conservation function in Xilin Gol League, analyzed the spatial distribution of landscape and sub-landscape, and analyzed the main factor that influences the soil conservation function. These result reflect that using RUSLE model and remote sensing technology to estimate soil conservation capacity is feasible and effective. Recommendations and perspectives Landscape services can not only reflect the ecological balance of nature, but also has a close link with people’s life, it also relate to development state of economic, social development and human well-being. Landscape scale is a promoting study field for researcher to analyze. Therefore, landscape scale as point of penetration, we could seek other practicable ways to study landscape and landscape services hoping to realize trade-off analysis and decision. |
| Key words: Xilin Gol League landscape service soil conservation function spatial distribution vegetation coverage |
