| 摘要: |
| 为了有效保护黄河水资源，促进黄河流域绿色发展，本研究在黄河流域上、中、下游贵德、兰州、三门峡和东营地点分别采样，分析pH、溶解氧、固体悬浮物、氨氮、硝态氮、总氮、亚硝态氮、总有机碳、总无机碳、总碳、总磷、化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量、粪大肠菌群、挥发酚含量变化趋势，并进行水质综合评价。结果发现：（1）固体悬浮物变化呈现东营>兰州>三门峡>贵德；（2）氨氮、硝态氮、总氮、总有机碳、总无机碳、总碳、总磷、化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量、粪大肠菌群变化趋势依次为三门峡>兰州>东营>贵德；（3）亚硝态氮和挥发酚含量变化趋势为兰州>三门峡>东营>贵德；（4）综合水质评价结果为贵德水质好于东营，东营水质好于兰州，兰州好于三门峡。研究表明邻近城市和大型支流汇入点下游河段是黄河氮污染的主要来源，流域各省各级政府领导，要认真学习习总书记提出的“绿水青山就是金山银山”的生态思想，要入脑入心，严格科学减排，“一定要把黄河的事情办好”。 |
| 关键词: 氮污染 氮排放 工业污水 生活污水 黄河水质 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE182028 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE182028 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:甘肃省自然科学基金项目（216028）；西北生态环境资源研究所开放基金项目（201706） |
| 英文基金项目:Gansu Natural Science Fund Project (216028); Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Open Fund Project (201706) |
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| Water quality assessment and sustainable strategy for the Yellow River in summertime |
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ZHAO Mengmeng, FAN Taotao, BROWN Emaneghemi, CHEN Yiping
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1. School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
3. College of Geography and Environment, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope The Yellow River has always been regarded as the mother river of the Chinese nation. The water environment quality in Yellow River has an important significance for coastal resident health because they directly take water from Yellow River for drinking nearly 100 million people. Recent years, with the rapid economic development and urbanization of Yellow River watershed, the pollution became more and more critical which caused by the cities along the river, especially three nitrogen pollution. By 2020, the state clearly requires that the water quality of the Yellow River watershed must be improved water quality and reduce pollutions discharge, more than 63% of the water should reach the national standard, and poor water quality area cannot exceed 6%. Nowadays, what status is of Yellow River water quality is unknown. This study was aim to answer this question by assessed the water quality and analyzed the source of pollutants in upstream, midstream, and downstream of the Yellow River watershed at the wet season, and to provide theoretical basis for the protection of ecological environment in the Yellow River. Materials and methods Four typical sampling points were taken along the Yellow River from upstream to downstream in the wet water period, water physico-chemical properties were determined, such as pH, dissolved oxygen, suspended solid, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total organic carbon, total inorganic carbon, total carbon, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, five day biochemical oxygen demand, coliform, volatile phenol, the principal component analysis (PCA) were used to analysis source of water pollution of the Yellow River, then the water quality in different samples was evaluated by the calculation of water quality index (WQI), the source of pollutants were indicated by cluster analysis (CA). Results (1) The change trend of suspended solid was Dongying (DY) > Lanzhou (LZ) > Sanmenxia (SMX) > Guide (GD). (2) The change trends were SMX > LZ > DY > GD for the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, total organic carbon, total inorganic carbon, total carbon, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, five day biochemical oxygen demand and coliform group. (3) The change trends of nitrite nitrogen and volatile phenol were LZ > SMX > DY > GD. (4) Although average water quality in this study was poor, the water quality of sample one (GD) was really fine, the water were not satisfactory with standard in the other samples. Overall merit, water quality index in the different samples of the Yellow River was GD > DY > LZ > SMX. Nitrogen pollutants was particularly prominent, it showed that the situation of nitrogen pollution in the Yellow River basin is still very severe. Discussion Nitrogen pollutants serious exceeded the national standard in sample points of Lanzhou and Sanmenxia, mainly reasons were due to the pollution of industrial cities and the inflow of serious pollution tributaries. Dongying sample point was at the most downstream, it taken in the water from upland, but it was far away from cities and the water has self-purification capacity, so the water quality at this point has been diluted, in spite of this, nitrogen pollution was still ignored issue. This research showed the nitrogen discharge from industrial and domestic sewage could not be controlled and it great impacted on the water quality of the Yellow River, water management of Yellow River should strengthen by national lay. Conclusions Industrial cities, densely populated areas and heavily polluted tributaries pose a great threat to the Yellow River’s water quality, we should strictly monitor and focus on these areas, especially three nitrogen pollution. Recommendations and perspectives In order to realize the overall plan of the country in 2020, we should implement rigorously environment policies for controlling artificial emission. |
| Key words: nitrogen pollutants nitrogen emissions industrial sewage domestic sewage Yellow River water quality |
