| 摘要: |
| 为了解西安市近年大气颗粒物PM2.5污染现状，为进一步研究、治理和控制区域PM2.5污染以及空气质量情况预警预测提供可靠的科学依据，并服务于西安市将于2019年举办的第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛，本文基于西安市13个国控空气质量监测站2013年7月—2017年12月的PM2.5质量浓度监测数据和同期气象资料，对不同时空尺度下PM2.5的质量浓度变化特征及影响因素进行了分析。研究结果表明：近几年西安市PM2.5一级浓度标准日达标率由15.71%逐渐升高到27.25%，但冬季依然存在高污染天气。PM2.5浓度冬季高、夏季低；具有周末和节假日浓度高于工作日的“周末效应”；日变化呈现上午、凌晨高，下午低的日变化双峰模式。PM2.5浓度在空间上具有城北高于城南，城区高于城郊区县的特征。人为活动和气象要素都在一定程度上影响区域PM2.5质量浓度。 |
| 关键词: 西安市 PM2.5 时空变化 气象要素 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE182077 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE182077 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院重点部署项目（Y722011017，Y22011480）；生态环境部大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目（DQGG0105）；国家自然科学基金项目 |
| 英文基金项目:Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y722011017, Y22011480); Air Pollution Causes and?Governance Research Projects of Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China (DQGG0105);National Natural Science Foundation of China |
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| Analysis on the characteristics of temporal and spatial changes of atmospheric PM2.5 and it’s influencing factors in Xi’an from 2013 to 2017 |
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ZHAO Huiyizhe, ZHOU Weijian, NIU Zhenchuan, FENG Tian
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1. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
2. Xi’an Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Center, Xi’an 710061, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Xi’an City is located in the central basin of the Guanzhong Plain. The topographic conditions obstruct the airflow, which is not conducive to the spread of pollutants, and the mutual transmission of pollutants between cities has a greater impact. Those reasons made the air pollution in this region more serious. In addition, due to the increasingly serious atmospheric pollution in recent years, Xi’an is going to be listed in the key areas for air pollution control. In order to improve regional air quality and provide a good environment for the second “Belt and Road” Forum for International Cooperation to be held in Xi’an in 2019, it is necessary to understand the current pollution status of the city and its surrounding areas. Materials and methods Therefore, based on the data from 13 State-controlled air quality monitoring stations and meteorological data in Xi’an from July 2013 to December 2017, we analyzed the variation feature and correlation of the mass concentration of PM2.5, which can be changed with time and space, to provide reliable scientific data for further research, governance and control of PM2.5 pollution and early warning of air quality. Results The results reveal that PM2.5 concentration has obvious temporal and spatial patterns. In the interannual trend, from 2014 to 2017, with the implementation of various environmental policies, the overall PM2.5 concentration in Xi’an has a slight downward trend, and the 1st standard annual average daily qualified rate has gradually increased from 15.71% to 27.25%. In summer, PM2.5 pollution gradually improved, with the average concentration decreasing from 64.1 μg·m−3 to 33.4 μg·m−3, but high-polluted weather still remained in winter. Discussion In terms of monthly and quarterly changes, due to the low atmospheric pressure and low rainfall, the inversion layer is relatively thick, the height of the atmospheric boundary layer is low, and the effect of heating, the mass concentration in winter is higher compared to summer. In the daily changes, due to the difference in emissions caused by human activities, there is a “weekend effect” that the concentration on weekends and holidays is higher than that on the working day. In hourly fluctuation, due to the temperature difference between day and night, the change of the atmospheric boundary layer, and the influence of human activities emissions, there is a bimodal pattern which the concentration is higher in the morning and midnight, while lower in the afternoon. In the spatial distribution, the areas with the highest concentration of PM2.5 pollution are the central urban areas, northern and western area. The concentration in the northern city is higher than that in the southern area. The main urban area is significantly higher than the surrounding counties. This spatial difference is caused by internal emissions and external transport. Meteorological elements are important factors that restrict the dilution, diffusion, migration and transformation of pollutants in the atmosphere, and will affect the PM2.5 mass concentration to some extent. As the temperature is low, the inversion layer is relatively thick and the pollutants are difficult to diffuse in the atmosphere and easy to have secondary reactions, which made the concentration of PM2.5 has a certain negative correlation with the temperature. In overcast and in cloudy weather of autumn and winter, PM2.5 concentrations are high. When rainfall is heavy, the pollutants will be partially removed by wet deposition under the effect of rain and snow, and the concentration of PM2.5 is relatively low. The wind direction and wind speed will affect the horizontal migration of particles. Under windy conditions, the PM2.5 polluting situation is roughly inversely related to the wind speed. With the increase of wind power, the particulate matter diffusion conditions are getting better and the concentration is lower. However, under the static wind conditions, particulate matter transported by the regional transportation has less impact, the pollution mainly comes from the interior of the city, and the high-pollution weather is less. Conclusions In a word, urban atmospheric PM2.5 pollution is the result of the combined effects of anthropogenic emissions and weather. Recommendations and perspectives Meteorological conditions can affect air pollution to some extent, but man-made emissions are the root cause of PM2.5 pollution. At present, energy conservation and emission reduction are the most suitable methods for improving atmospheric conditions. |
| Key words: Xi’an PM2.5 temporal and spatial variation meteorological factor |
