| 摘要: |
| 大气颗粒物对人体健康的影响在世界范围内引起关注，尤其是细粒子（PM2.5，fine particulate matter）因粒径小、成分复杂，对人体健康的影响尤为突出。PM2.5的毒理效应与作用机制是当前研究的热点，分析其研究现状与存在问题能更好地把握其核心领域并开展更进一步的研究。基于文献检索与分析，系统梳理了PM2.5危害导致的疾病类型；介绍了PM2.5毒理研究的主要实验手段；讨论当前认知的PM2.5毒理效应（包括PM2.5不同组分、不同来源、不同季节的影响）；汇总PM2.5毒理作用机制研究方法的原理、特点、检测指标与测定方法，解析目前研究认为的五种主要的PM2.5毒理作用机制。在分析已有研究成果的基础之上，就PM2.5毒理实验、方法和研究内容方面存在的不足进行讨论，并提出今后需要重点开展的研究方向，以期为PM2.5健康危害的准确评估和有效防治提供科学依据。 |
| 关键词: PM2.5 健康危害 毒理实验 健康效应 作用机制 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE191005 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE191005 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41765009）；南昌大学研究生创新专项资金（CX2018239） |
| 英文基金项目:National Natural Science Foundation of China (41765009); Postgraduate Innovation Special Fund project of Nanchang University (CX2018239) |
|
| Update on the toxicological effects and mechanism of PM2.5 |
|
HUANG Hong, WAN Xueying, CHEN Tingtao, ZOU Changwei
|
|
1. Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
2. Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Nanchang 330031, China
|
| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope The review deals with publications concerning the toxicological effects and mechanism of PM2.5. The impact of atmospheric particulate matter on human health has attracted worldwide attention. In particular, fine particles (PM2.5) have a greater impact on human health due to their small particle size and complex composition. As a consequence, identifying the mechanism of action of PM2.5 has always been a major objective of atmospheric environmental science research. Materials and methods The review describes the types of diseases caused by PM2.5, the experimental methods used in PM2.5 toxicology research, and the toxicological effects of PM2.5 (including the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments on PM2.5 characterised by different components, sources, and seasons), as well as the consensus mechanism of action of PM2.5. This review emphasizes that the mechanisms of action of PM2.5 vary according to component, source, and season. Results Several publications have been identified that PM2.5 can induce a variety of diseases. The mechanisms of action involve oxidative damage, inflammatory damage, DNA damage and mutations, apoptosis, and autophagy. Discussion Research on the underlying mechanism of PM2.5 might help to provide a scientific basis for accurately assessing the health hazards and effective prevention of PM2.5. The components of PM2.5 and the mechanisms of action of PM2.5 can vary, as can the target cells. Conclusions Air pollution is one of the main causes of global morbidity and mortality. The discussion of air pollution control and the pathogenesis of PM2.5 is an extremely important issue. Oxidative stress, inflammatory damage, DNA damage and mutations, apoptosis, and autophagy are the main mechanisms of PM2.5-induced disease. The results of PM2.5 with different components, sources, and seasons from in vitro and animal experiments provide a scientific basis for the accurate assessment and effective prevention of PM2.5 health hazards. Recommendations and perspectives In order to better explore the mechanism of action of PM2.5, toxicity research methods employing in vitro and in vivo experiments should be developed and improved, and the interactions between different PM2.5 components should be addressed. Intervention studies on PM2.5 health hazards and finding effective ways of reducing or preventing the health risks of PM2.5 are critical. |
| Key words: PM2.5 health hazards toxicological experiments health effects mechanisms of action |
