| 摘要: |
| 同传统的推拉理论引起的移民相比，陕南脱贫攻坚移民具有政府行为的特点，它将自然演进中形成的劳动者与分散耕地相匹配格局打破，出现了劳动者与土地分离的局面，可能造成搬迁后生计不可持续问题。因此，探讨移民搬迁后续增收途径对于促进移民“稳得住”具有十分重要的理论与现实意义。抽取陕南汉中、安康、商洛3市9县584户搬迁家庭作为样本进行实地问卷调查及访谈，通过对调研数据分析发现：（1）搬迁距离对农户生活质量及收入方式产生影响，搬迁距离在2 km以内为适宜距离，社区规模在500户以下，农户最为满意；（2）搬迁距离会引起农户收入方式的转变，搬迁距离越远，农户无法继续使用原有土地等生产生活资料，农业生产发展缓慢，农技水平也相对滞后，使得农户务农收入减少，收入方式向务工转变；（3）就近安置、提升移民人力资本、兴办安置地产业等举措是解决移民户收入来源的可选途径。 |
| 关键词: 移民搬迁 搬迁距离 人地分离 可持续生计 增收途径 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE192042 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE192042 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:陕西省社会科学基金项目（2016G008）；陕西省人力资源和社会保障厅项目（RS17）；安康学院专项（2017AYXNZX15） |
| 英文基金项目:Social Science Fund of Shaanxi Province (2016G008); Fund of Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Shaanxi Province (RS17); Special Fund of Ankang University (2017AYXNZX15) |
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| Study on the response of the migration and subsequent increase of income in Southern Shaanxi |
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LÜ Xiaolu, HE Jiali, XIAO Weiwei
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1. College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2. Southern Shaanxi Rural Revitalization Research Center, Ankang University, Ankang 725000, China
3. College of Tourism and Resource Environment, Engineering Technology Research Center for Water Resource Protection and Utilization of Hanjiang River, Ankang University, Ankang 725000, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Compared with the immigration caused by the traditional push-pull theory, immigrants in Southern Shaanxi have the characteristics of government behavior, breaking the pattern of matching the laborers formed in the natural evolution with scattered farmland, and the situation of separation between laborers and land may cause unsustainable livelihoods after relocation. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the ways to increase the income of immigrants in the future. Materials and methods This article obtains theoretical materials by consulting relevant documents in Southern Shaanxi, and conducts field surveys of 584 relocated families in 9 counties, including Hanzhong, Ankang, and Shangluo, as first-hand sample data, and discusses them by means of principal component analysis and correlation analysis. Results Through analysis of the survey data, it is found that: (1) The relocation distance has an impact on the quality of life and income of farmers. (2) The relocation distance will cause a change in the income pattern of farmers. (3) The income level of households, family structure, and employment methods are the main influencing factors on the living standards of farmers. Discussion The relocation distance is within two kilometers as the appropriate distance. The community size is below 500, and the farmers are most satisfied. Conclusions The farther the relocation distance is, the farmers cannot continue to use the original land and other means of production and living, the agricultural production is developing slowly, and the level of agricultural technology is relatively lagging, which reduces the farmers’ income from farming, changes the income mode to work and resettles nearby, improves the human capital of immigrants, the resettlement industry and other measures are an alternative way to solve the source of income for resettlement households. Recommendations and perspectives This article has enriched the empirical research on the planning and construction of new villages in Southern Shaanxi and the subsequent development of rural industries. Due to the lack of sample data, research period and research content, the follow-up needs further discussion. |
| Key words: immigration relocation relocation distance separation of people and land sustainable livelihoods income approach |
