| 摘要: |
| 以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟为研究区，在陈世荣建立模型的基础上，明确2000 — 2010年产草量的空间分布及变化情况，从而反映研究区草地生长状况及空间格局的动态变化，并对相关影响因素进行分析。结果表明：（1）11年草地平均产草量为1.2×107 t，平均单产为601.97 kg∙hm−2，整个研究时间序列中产草量在1.0×107 t — 1.5×107 t波动变化；（2）草地产草量的地域性差异较明显，产草量空间分布情况为东部>中部>西部，其中中部及东部产草量变化较大，西部几乎无明显变化；（3）草地产草量受自然因素和人为因素的综合影响，其中降水量和载畜量是影响草地产草量的重要因素。 |
| 关键词: 净初级生产力 空间格局 动态变化 影响因素 管理措施 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE201602006 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE201602006 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2013MS0506）；中国农业科学院创新工程项目（CAAS-ASTIP-IGR2015-04） |
| 英文基金项目:Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2013MS0506); Innovation Project of
?????????????Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science?(CAAS-ASTIP-IGR2015-04) |
|
| Space dynamic change of pasture amount and influence factors analysis in Xilin Gol Grassland |
|
ZHANG Wenhua, JIA Zhibin, ZHUO Yi, JIANG Xinyang1,2
|
|
1. College of Environment and Resources of Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;2. Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hohhot 010010, China
|
| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Grassland ecosystems can provide the regulation of climate, water conservation, sand-fixing and other important ecosystem services, it is an important material basis for regional economic and social development. Make a reasonable assessment to grassland yield, can not only effectively learn the structure, coordination of function and environmental carrying capacity of grassland ecosystem, but also make a correct assessment of livestock development in the study area. It can also protect and rational utilize of grassland, promote sustainable development of animal husbandry, maintain and improve the ecological environment quality, refer to reasonable and effective response. However, due to the combined effect of human-made and natural factors, making significant changes in grassland ecosystem. Based on the model of the establishment by Chen Shirong, yield of grass was determined in Xilin Gol League from 2000 to 2010, which reflect the growth conditions of grassland and its dynamic change of spatial patterns in the study area, and the relevant factors has been analyzed. This has important implications for the sustainable development and use of grasslands. Materials and methods Based on the ArcGIS and the NPP data from EOS/MODIS of NASA, by using the model of establishment by Chen Shirong, calculation grass yield of Xilin Gol from 2000 to 2010, time resolution is 16 d, spatial resolution is 1000 m×1000 m, calculate and study the change of grass yield. First of all, calculate the grassland production and distribution of the area. Secondly, in order to ensure the feasibility of NPP data results, combined with the accuracy of a comprehensive analysis of personnel related. Thirdly, introduction of temperature, precipitation and other natural factors and human factors such as livestock capacity, analyze the impact of these factors on Pasture amount. Results The results show that (1) The distribution of grass yield has significant spatial differences, eastern grass yield is higher, prairie hay yields decreasing from east to west, the western region grass yield is the lowest. Where in the central and eastern grass production change vary widely, all hay yield more than 700 kg ∙ hm−2, almost no significant changes in the west, hay yield at 200 kg ∙ hm−2 or less. (2) Xilin Gol annual grass production has significant fluctuations changes from 2000 to 2010, the average grass yield of 11 years is 1.222×107 t, an average yield is 601.97 kg ∙ hm−2, there are 5 years in which grass yield more than average, peak value of grass yield reached 1.473 ×107 t in 2003; there are 5 years in which grass yield less than average, the lowest is 1.041× 107 t in 2007; the grass yield in 2006 is at the average level; grass yield of 11 years fluctuation range is between 1.0×107 t and 1.5×107 t, the grass yield of overall 11 years has a decreasing trend. (3) Temporal and spatial variation of rass production in Xilin Gol Grassland have a certain relationship with vegetation types, natural factors and man-made factors are all influencing on grassland distribution and grass yield comprehensively, and precipitation and stocking rates are the most important factors affecting the amount of yield. Precipitation is the main limiting factor for growth of vegetation, the reduced regional precipitation resulted in the decrease of vegetation yield. The relationship between temperature and grass production is weak, although temperatures have an impact on the production of grass, but the effect is not obvious. Stocking rate is an important factor affecting grassland ecosystems, stocking rates are very high, increasing the pressure on grassland ecosystem, thereby destroying the ecological balance. Discussion Through the analysis of influencing factors to grassland ecological, we can know that overgrazing is a main factor to destroy grassland ecosystem. As a matter of fact, control the number of livestock involves in many aspects and fields, reasonable grazing intensity is difficult to achieve. And there is no fixed pattern to grazing management strategies, in order to find the right management strategy, we need to integrate various factors, if we considered incomprehensive that affecting the strategy accuracy and efficiency. Conclusion Through by the model of remote sensing to analyze the grass yield and the spatial distribution of Xilin Gol League, its result is relate to Jin Yunxiang who establish a ground sampling to analyze grass yield and its distribution. So we can know that use the NPP data to calculate the grassland yield is available and accuracy. The results showed that grass yield is increased, various conservation strategies and measures on degraded grassland ecological restored severely in recent years, not only improving grassland productivity and capacity, but also improve the supply capacity of grassland ecosystem services. Recommendations and perspectives The grassland ecosystems can not only adjust the ecological balance of nature, but also has a close link with people’s lives, it also relate to development state of grassland and the level of economic and social development. Therefore, we should adopt sustainable management practices to grassland, it is essential to protect grassland ecosystems and maintain livestock balance. |
| Key words: net primary productivity(NPP) spatial pattern dynamic changes influence factors management measures |
