| 引用本文: | 何子琦,吴一平,雷雨倩,董嘉瑞,基瓦洛夫·谢尔盖,亚历山大罗夫·格奥尔基.2026.中国北部与青藏地区气候极端性时空分布特征[J].地球环境学报,17(4):1091-1102 |
| HE Ziqi,WU Yiping,LEI Yuqian,DONG Jiarui,KIVALOV Sergey,ALEXANDROV Georgii.2026.Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of climate extremes in Northern China and Qinghai-Xizang region[J].Journal of Earth Environment,17(4):1091-1102 |
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| 摘要: |
| 中国北部与青藏地区气候类型多样，生态脆弱，极端气候事件频发，是研究中国极端气候系统复杂性的关键区域，揭示其极端气候演变特征，对理解气候变化影响和提升适应能力具有重要意义；同时，研究气候变化背景下中国北部与青藏地区的极端气候时空变化特征，以期深入揭示极端气候事件的变化规律，为区域的可持续发展提供理论支持。文章基于中国北部与青藏地区385个站点的逐日气象数据，采用极端气候指数模型（RClimDex）并结合显著性检验和线性回归方法，系统分析了研究区1960—2020年共61年期间的16个极端气温指数和11个极端降水指数的变化趋势。结果表明：（1）研究区整体上呈现变暖的趋势，极端高温事件发生频率增加，极端低温事件发生频率减少，且夜间变暖趋势大于白天；（2）冷指数在多数站点呈显著下降趋势，暖指数相反；高海拔地区的夏日指数和热夜日数呈现无明显变化的趋势，区域内日极高温和日极低温均呈上升趋势，表明整体区域气候持续升温；（3）降水相关指数呈显著下降趋势的站点主要集中在研究区东部地区，而呈显著上升趋势的站点则主要分布内陆河流域、青藏高原和松辽河流域。最大连续干燥日数（CDD）在青藏高原区及干旱半干旱区呈现显著下降，说明这些区域湿润化趋势明显；（4）1960—2020年代表降水量变化的指数及中雨日数、大雨日数、暴雨日数均呈上升趋势，持续干燥日数下降，表明降水模式增强，体现为极端降水事件增多，极端降水占总降水的比重增加。研究揭示了中国北部与青藏地区极端气候事件变化的演变趋势和区域差异性，对加深气候变化的理解、提升气候变化应对能力和制定差异化适应策略具有重要参考价值。 |
| 关键词: 中国北部 青藏高原 极端气候 时空分布 气候特征 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE2025046 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE2025046 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（25ZYJA019）；中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（B类）（XDB40020205）；陕西省重点研发计划产业链项目（2022ZDLSF06-04）；陕西省科技创新团队项目（2021TD-52） |
| 英文基金项目: |
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| Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of climate extremes in Northern China and Qinghai-Xizang region |
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HE Ziqi1，WU Yiping1，2，LEI Yuqian1，DONG Jiarui1，KIVALOV Sergey3，ALEXANDROV Georgii4
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1.Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049 , China ；2.School of Soil and Water Conservation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004 , China ；3.Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290 , Moscow Oblast, Russia ；4.Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119017 , Russia
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope The terrain in Northern China and the Qinghai Xizang Plateau is diverse, encompassing the eastern plains, the Chinese Loess Plateau in the central part, and the western Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, with a wide range of climate types including monsoon, continental and plateau climates. With fragile ecosystems and frequent extreme climate events, this region is a key area for understanding the complexity of China’s extreme climate system. Therefore, exploring the evolution of extreme climate is crucial for understanding climate change impacts and improving adaptive capacity. This study aims to investigate the patterns of extreme climate events in Northern China and the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau under climate change, providing theoretical support for regional sustainable development. Materials and methods Based on daily meteorological data from 385 stations in Northern China and the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, we employed the RClimDex model, combined with significance tests and linear regression, to systematically analyze the trends of 16 extreme temperature indices and 11 extreme precipitation indices in the study area from 1960 to 2020. Results The results show that: (1) The study area exhibits an overall warming trend, with increased frequency of extreme heat events and decreased frequency of extreme low-temperature events. Notably, nocturnal warming is more pronounced than diurnal warming. (2) Cold indices show a significant decreasing trend at most stations, while warm indices show the opposite. In high-altitude areas, summer days and tropical nights exhibit no significant trends, but both daily extreme maximum and minimum temperatures are rising, indicating continuous regional warming. (3) Stations with significant decreasing trends in precipitation-related indices are mainly concentrated in the eastern study area, whereas stations with significant increasing trends are distributed in inland river basins, the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and the Songliao River Basin. The maximum consecutive dry days (CDD) decreases significantly in the eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, inland river basins, and central Songliao River Basin, indicating a marked humidification trend in these areas. (4) From 1960 to 2020, precipitation-related indices, along with heavy, very heavy, and extremely heavy precipitation days, all show upward trends, while CDD decreases. This reflects intensified precipitation patterns, with more frequent extreme precipitation events and a higher proportion of extreme precipitation in total precipitation. Discussion The evolution pattern of extreme climate in Northern China and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is a typical response of the region to global warming. Altitude and local terrain have a significant modulating effect on the extreme temperature index of the plateau; the spatial differentiation characteristics of precipitation further confirm that the coupling effect of large-scale climate systems and local topography jointly dominates the complex extreme climate response process in the study area. Conclusions This study systematically reveals the spatiotemporal evolution of extreme temperatures and precipitation in the study area, providing a scientific basis for understanding regional climate change impacts and formulating countermeasures. The findings highlight the need to strengthen regional climate risk management and ecological adaptation strategies, particularly to address differential responses across terrains and climate zones. Recommendations and perspectives This study clarifies the evolutionary trends and regional differences of extreme climate events in Northern China and the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, offering valuable insights for enhancing climate change awareness, improving response capabilities, and developing differentiated adaptation strategies. Future research should integrate remote sensing data, numerical simulations, and multi-source reanalysis data to explore the relationships between extreme events and factors such as atmospheric circulation and land-use change. This will improve understanding of causal mechanisms and social-ecological impacts, supporting regional climate adaptation and risk management. |
| Key words: Northern China Qinghai-Xizang Plateau climate extremes temporal and spatial distribution climate characteristics |
