| 摘要: |
| 再生水利用具有巨大的社会经济价值，不仅是缓解区域水资源短缺的重要途径，也能有效减轻污水排放对生态环境的压力，实现可持续发展。再生水中含有高盐、高氮、微量新兴污染物等，在利用过程中存在一定的环境风险。目前我国整体再生水利用率低于30%，再生水利用量和利用率区域差异大，相比国外发达国家欠缺详细的再生水利用分类类别。针对国内外再生水利用的现状，文章对比分析了我国在再生水合理分类与利用规划方面，与发达国家在精细化管理水平上存在的差距，并据此提出应依据政策法规与相应标准，实施分类施策与分质用水的对策建议；针对再生水利用可能引发的地下水水文过程改变及其潜在污染风险，提出应基于水循环与地下水文过程，将“再生水-非饱和带水-地下水”视为一个整体系统，综合运用数据挖掘、环境示踪、实验室模拟与数值模拟等技术手段，系统研究再生水中污染物的迁移、转化过程及其最终归宿，从而有效降低其对地下水的污染风险，推动我国再生水实现大规模安全利用。 |
| 关键词: 再生水 水资源 新兴污染物 地下水 水循环 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE2024181 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE2024181 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42277069） |
| 英文基金项目: |
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| An overview of reclaimed water reuse and its impact on the groundwater |
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ZHANG Yinghua1，LI Huikai2
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1.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 , China ；2.519 of North China Geological Exploration Bureau, Baoding 071027 , China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope The reuse of reclaimed water (RW) significantly reduces social and economic costs associated with water supply. Amidst rising global water scarcity, RW has gained recognition as a sustainable alternative for agricultural, industrial, and ecological applications. However, large-scale RW reuse raises concerns regarding potential groundwater contamination by nutrients and emerging pollutants. This review synthesizes global RW reuse practices and long-term groundwater impacts, with an emphasis on contamination mechanisms, regulatory gaps, and research priorities required to support safe and effective water reuse strategies. Materials and methods Reclaimed water contains pollutants such as high salinity, high nitrogen levels, and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), which pose environmental risks during RW utilization. Results Currently, China has implemented policies to promote the expanded use of RW, yet the overall utilization rate remains low, with significant regional disparities. Compared with developed countries, China exhibits a notable gap in the refined management of RW reuse, particularly in terms of rational classification and utilization planning. Discussion In light of the current status of domestic and international RW utilization, this review identifies key problems and shortcomings in RW reuse in China and proposes corresponding countermeasures and recommendations. Specifically, it is suggested that, in accordance with relevant policies, regulations, and standards, China should adopt a strategy of category-based implementation and quality-based water allocation. Groundwater pollution caused by RW reuse has emerged as a novel scientific issue attracting increasing attention from researchers worldwide. Existing studies on organic pollutants, particularly emerging contaminants in RW, have mostly focused on their spatiotemporal distribution and primary controlling factors. However, research on the migration and transformation of emerging contaminants during RW infiltration and recharge processes remains insufficient. In northern China, recharging dried riverbeds with RW for ecological purposes has become a key strategy to alleviate water scarcity. Nevertheless, the hydrological processes in these multi-source systems (involving RW, external water transfers, and natural precipitation) are highly complex. Current research lacks a comprehensive understanding of the transport and transformation mechanisms of emerging contaminants in the “RW-unsaturated zone water-groundwater” continuum, particularly due to the disconnect between hydrological processes and contaminant transport. Conclusions Existing applications of tracer technologies rarely integrate such techniques with subsurface hydrological processes to elucidate the transport and transformation of contaminants across different media—especially in low-rheology zones characterized by strong interactions—during RW infiltration and recharge. There is an urgent need to enhance the coupling of tracer application analysis with water cycle processes. Recommendations and perspectives This review summarizes the potential groundwater pollution risks associated with RW utilization and proposes that, based on water cycle and groundwater hydrological processes, the “RW-unsaturated zone water-groundwater” system should be considered a unified whole. By integrating techniques such as data mining, environmental tracing, laboratory simulation, and numerical modeling, future research should systematically investigate the migration and transformation processes of pollutants in RW. Such efforts will help better control the associated risks of groundwater pollution and promote the large-scale and safe utilization of RW in China. |
| Key words: reclaimed water water resources contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) groundwater water cycle |
