| 摘要: |
| 建设生态文明是中华民族永续发展的千年大计，引导和培育公众牢固树立环境保护意识是构建生态环境治理全民行动体系的根本保障。本文以2003年和2013年中国综合社会调查（CGSS）数据为基础，评估了全国28个省（市、自治区）（以下简称省域，不含新疆、西藏、海南及港澳台地区）的公众环境意识，综合运用空间自相关分析、标准差椭圆分析和空间计量模型等方法，揭示了中国公众环境意识的时空差异特征，甄别了主要影响因素及其作用。结果表明：（1）2003—2013年中国公众环境意识水平基本维持不变，环境付费能力大幅下降，但公众对环境意识的关注程度有所提高；（2）中国公众环境意识的总体空间演化形态表现为整体分布规模略微缩小，省域公众环境意识空间差异显著，中西部地区环境意识有所增强，东部地区公众环境意识处于较高水平；（3）公众环境意识水平存在显著的空间正相关性，空间集聚程度不断加剧；空间局部特征以高—高型和低—低型最为显著，各省份空间相似度较高；（4）人口密度、工业污染治理投资、教育经费投入、地区环境污染程度及地区城市设施水平等因素均对公众环境意识产生显著影响。 |
| 关键词: 环境意识 时空差异 标准差椭圆 空间自相关 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE212038 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE212038 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42171281，72034007）；国家社会科学基金项目（21BJY138）；陕西省科技创新团队（2021TD-35）；陕西省哲学社会科学重大理论与现实问题重点智库研究项目（2021ZD1024） |
| 英文基金项目:National Natural Science Foundation of China (42171281, 72034007); National Social Science Fund of China (21BJY138); Shaanxi Innovation Research Team for Science and Technology (2021TD-35); Philosophy and Social Sciences Major Theoretical and Practical Issues Research Project of Shaanxi Province (2021ZD1024) |
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| Analysis of spatio-temporal differences and influencing factors of public environmental awareness in China |
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SU Fang, QI Lemeng, SHANG Haiyang
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1. School of Economics & Management, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
2. School of Management, Northwest University of Political Science and Law, Xi’an 710122, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Ecological progress is a thousand-year plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. Cultivating and improving the public’s environmental awareness is the fundamental guarantee for building a nationwide action system for ecological and environmental governance. In this study, according to the scientific evaluation on Chinese public environmental awareness, the overall level, change trend and spatial distribution characteristics of Chinese public environmental awareness from 2003 to 2013 were compared and analyzed, and the factors that caused the spatio-temporal differences of public environmental awareness were identified, which provides both theoretical basis and policy reference for China to comprehensively improve public environmental awareness and narrow regional differences of public environmental awareness. Materials and methods Based on the China General Social Survey (CGSS) data from 2003 to 2013, the public environmental awareness in 28 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) (hereinafter referred to as 28 provinces, excluding Xinjiang, Xizang, Hainan, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) was valuated in this paper. Moreover, the characteristics of spatio-temporal differences of public environmental awareness in China were revealed and the main influencing factors were identified by means of spatial autocorrelation analysis, standard deviation ellipse analysis and spatial econometric model. Results (1) From 2003 to 2013, the level of public environmental awareness in China remained basically unchanged and the public’s ability to pay for environment decreased significantly, while the attention that the public paid to environmental awareness increased. (2) The overall spatial evolution pattern of public environmental awareness in China is as follows: the overall distribution scale of public environmental awareness decreased slightly, the spatial difference of public environmental awareness among provinces was significant, the public’s environmental awareness in the central and western regions enhanced and that in the eastern region was at a high level. (3) There is a spatially positive correlation in the level of public environmental awareness, and the degree of spatial agglomeration continued to increase. Besides, the local characteristics of space are the most prominent with the high—high and low—low type, and the spatial similarity among provinces is relatively high. Discussion In terms of the research object, which is no longer limited to a single region or a specific group, the scope of sample groups is expanded and the research scale is increased on the basis of the existing database. At the same time, emphasis is placed on interdisciplinary research methods so as to supplement the existing quantitative research on public environmental awareness. From the perspective of sustainable development, conserving the environment means protecting the potential and the driving force of the economic and social development. Only when the whole society consciously implements environmental protection and green and low-carbon lifestyle, can the advantages of ecological environment be transformed into a powerful driving force of the economic and social development. Therefore, in order to effectively enhance the public’s environmental cognition ability in the context of China’s low level of environmental awareness, it is necessary to fully understand the regional differences of environmental awareness caused by various factors. Conclusions It is found that the factors such as population density, education funding, regional environmental pollution and regional urban facility level have diverse effects on public environmental awareness in different years. For instance, the degree of regional environmental pollution was significantly positively correlated with public environmental awareness in 2003, and was negatively correlated with public environmental awareness in 2013, which indicates that the environmental pollution will cause the public to ignore environmental issues when reaching a certain extent. Recommendations and perspectives This paper argues that it is necessary to fully understand the regional differences in terms of public environmental awareness and its influencing factors, so as to effectively improve the public’s environmental awareness in areas with low environmental awareness through multi-factor regulation. |
| Key words: environmental awareness spatio-temporal differences standard deviation ellipse spatial
autocorrelation analysis |
