| 引用本文: | 李方伟，崔龙，程燕，薛永刚，黄宇.2024.植物去除室内挥发性有机物机理研究进展[J].地球环境学报,15(4):583-595 |
| LI Fangwei, CUI Long, CHENG Yan, XUE Yonggang, HUANG Yu.2024.Research and development on mechanism of removal of indoor volatile organic compounds by plants[J].Journal of Earth Environment,15(4):583-595 |
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| 植物去除室内挥发性有机物机理研究进展 |
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李方伟，崔龙，程燕，薛永刚，黄宇
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1. 西安交通大学 人居环境与建筑工程学院，西安 710049
2. 中国科学院地球环境研究所 黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室，中国科学院气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室，西安 710061
3. 中国科学院第四纪科学与全球变化卓越创新中心，西安 710061
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| 摘要: |
| 挥发性有机化合物（volatile organic compounds，VOCs）是一类重要的环境污染物，其主要室内来源是生物质燃烧、建材和家具的释放等，部分有毒VOCs可引起白血病、肺癌、鼻咽癌等疾病，因此受到广泛关注。植物去除VOCs作为一种生物修复技术具有低成本、高效率、可持续的特性，具有很高的科学价值。介绍植物去除室内VOCs的研究现状和机理，包括气孔和非气孔吸附、叶际微生物去除、根际微生物去除和生长介质微生物去除。部分室内VOCs可通过叶际去除，另一部分可通过维管系统运输至根际去除。然而，室内环境中VOCs去除效率影响因素较复杂，需通过制定科学观测方案获得准确数据，从而保证室内环境绿色可持续发展。 |
| 关键词: 植物 VOCs 去除机理 室内空气净化 微生物 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE221028 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE221028 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2017YFC0212200）；国家自然科学基金项目（41877308） |
| 英文基金项目:National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0212200); National Natural Science Foundation of China (41877308) |
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| Research and development on mechanism of removal of indoor volatile organic compounds by plants |
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LI Fangwei, CUI Long, CHENG Yan, XUE Yonggang, HUANG Yu
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1. School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
2. Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
3. CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi’an 710061, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Owing to the rapid development of modernisation and urbanisation, living standards have gradually improved. However, the widespread use of high-energy-consuming indoor appliances and furniture has made indoor environments a primary environmental problem affecting human health. Sick building syndrome (SBS) and building-related illness (BRI) have occurred, and indoor air conditions have been extensively studied. Common indoor pollutants include CO, CO2, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (such as the formaldehyde and benzene series), NOx (NO and NO2), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). VOCs have replaced SO2 as the “The Fourteenth Five-Year Plan” urban air quality assessment new indicators. Indoor VOCs can cause diseases such as cataract, asthma, and lung cancer. To protect human health, researchers have proposed several indoor air purification technologies, including adsorption, filtration, electrostatic dust removal, ozonation, and plant purification. However, each technology has drawbacks, such as high operating costs, high energy consumption, and the generation of secondary waste or toxic substances. Plant degradation of VOCs as a bioremediation technology has the characteristics of low cost, high efficiency, and sustainability, thereby becoming a potential green solution for improving indoor air quality. This study introduces the research status and mechanism of plant removal of indoor VOCs and provides an experimental basis and scientific guidance for analysing the mechanism of plant degradation of pollutants. Materials and methods This study reviews studies on the harm caused by indoor pollutants to human health and related sources, mainly investigating the degradation of indoor formaldehyde, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) plant mechanisms, and research results. Results Plants can remove VOCs via stomatal and non-stomatal adsorption, interfoliar microbial, rhizosphere microbial, and growth media. Benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) are adsorbed by pores, hydroxylated into fumaric acid, and then removed into CO2 and H2O by TCA. Formaldehyde enters plant leaves through the stomata and epidermal waxy substances and is adsorbed. After the two steps of enzymatic oxidation, formic acid and CO2 are generated. Finally, it enters the Calvin cycle and removes glucose and other nontoxic compounds. Discussion The non-stomatal degradation of VOCs can be divided into adsorption by cuticular wax and active adsorption by plant surface microorganisms. The leaf epidermal waxy matter content and the lipid composition of the epidermal membrane covering the plant surface play important roles in the non-stomatal adsorption of indoor air pollutants. The leaf margin of a plant is an ecological environment containing various microbial communities. The endophytic and inoculated microbiota in plant buds and leaves can remove VOCs (formaldehyde and BTEX). Formaldehyde can be directly absorbed by plant leaves and converted into organic acids, sugars, CO2 and H2O by microbes. Bioremediation of indoor VOCs is usually inefficient, leading to plant toxicity or residual chemical substance volatilisation through leaves, followed by secondary pollution. Therefore, plants must be inoculated with microorganisms to improve the efficiency of plant degradation of VOCs. However, the effectiveness of interfoliar microbial removal remains largely unknown and several microorganisms are not culturable. Therefore, methods for collecting, identifying, and culturing microorganisms must be developed. As the leaf space is a relatively unstable environment, the degradation of VOCs by rhizosphere microorganisms is equally important, and formaldehyde is absorbed more by rhizosphere microorganisms at night. The inoculation of bacteria into the rhizosphere improves the efficiency of plants in degrading VOCs. However, most of these studies were conducted in simulation chambers. To ensure the authenticity of these conclusions, the ability of plants to remove indoor air pollutants must be further verified in real situations. Conclusions Plant purification is an economical, environment-friendly, and sustainable remediation technology. This review summarises the mechanisms of VOC plant degradation and presents its limitations. Simultaneously, it briefly puts forward a plant selection scheme according to different temperatures, light, and specific VOCs that can be absorbed to choose the appropriate plant species. However, some studies have denied the purification effect of plants and proposed that numerous plants are required to achieve indoor ventilation effects. Therefore, determining the ability of plants to remove indoor VOCs requires a combination of realistic and simulated scenarios. Recommendations and perspectives Plants and related microorganisms play an important role in improving indoor air quality, therefore, the effect of plants and the related microorganisms on improving indoor air quality must be studied further and the effect of plants on indoor VOCs will be the focus of future research. |
| Key words: plants VOCs removal mechanism indoor air purification microorganism |
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