| 引用本文: | 伍冠雄,李佳维,罗小琳,贾璞,梁洁良,李金天.2025.中国重金属矿业废弃地土壤真菌群落结构及生态功能研究进展[J].地球环境学报,16(2):122-134 |
| WU Guanxiong,LI Jiawei,LUO Xiaolin,JIA Pu,LIANG Jieliang,LI Jintian.2025.Soil fungal community structure and ecological function of metalliferous mine wastelands in China[J].Journal of Earth Environment,16(2):122-134 |
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| 摘要: |
| 中国数百万公顷重金属矿业废弃地的生态治理是制约经济与社会发展的一大难题。重金属矿业废弃地具有营养元素匮乏、重金属含量高以及土壤贫瘠等特点，造成了矿区周边农田土壤污染等环境问题。真菌是土壤生物群落中的重要成员，分析其群落结构和生态功能可为恢复重金属矿业废弃地的土壤基质和维护生态系统稳定性提供理论依据。综述中国重金属矿业废弃地土壤真菌群落的研究进展，对真菌群落的物种组成和影响群落结构的主要因子进行归纳，并阐述真菌在生物地球化学循环中的作用以及植物促生的功能，同时总结真菌生态学领域的主要研究手段，旨在提高对重金属矿业废弃地土壤真菌的系统认识，为更好地利用微生物资源进行生态修复提供理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 重金属矿业废弃地 土壤真菌 群落结构 生态功能 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE221033 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE221033 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:广东省基础与应用基础研究基金（2021B1515120039） |
| 英文基金项目:Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2021B1515120039) |
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| Soil fungal community structure and ecological function of metalliferous mine wastelands in China |
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WU Guanxiong, LI Jiawei, LUO Xiaolin, JIA Pu*, LIANG Jieliang, LI Jintian
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Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Ecological management of metalliferous mine wastelands soil in China presents a significant challenge to social development, with vast expanses of degraded lands causing irreversible harm to ecosystems and human health. Fungi, as integral components of the soil biotic community, play a crucial role in the ecological restoration of these mine wastelands. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the environmental status and characteristics of metalliferous mine wastelands in China, focusing on the species and functional diversity of soil fungal communities, the key biological and abiotic factors influencing fungal populations, and the ecological functions of soil fungi in these environments. Materials and methods This paper summarized the characteristics and current situation of metalliferous mine wastelands in China, outlining the structure, ecological functions, and methodologies employed in studying soil fungal communities within these mine wastelands. Finally, the problems and challenges of ecological restoration based on fungal resources were discussed. Results (1) Geographical, climatic factors, soil physicochemical properties and ecological restoration approaches were the key factors affecting the structure and patterns of fungal communities. (2) Fungi participated in the metabolism and turnover of soil nutrients, acting as crucial links between the soil environment and plant communities within the ecosystem. In addition, mycorrhizal fungi contribute to enhancing plant tolerance to heavy metals and promoting plant growth in mine wastelands by modulating soil enzyme activities to facilitate nutrient uptake by host plants. Discussion The complex structure and diverse functions of these fungal communities play a crucial role in preserving the ecological stability of mine wastelands. Biotic and abiotic factors jointly shape fungal diversity and community structure. Implementing revegetation efforts, microbial regulation, and restoration of the soil microenvironment in abandoned mine sites are essential strategies for addressing heavy metal contamination and mining-related pollution, thus presenting a significant approach to mine management in China. Substrate improvement combined with direct vegetation reconstruction can improve soil microenvironment, enhance fungal diversity, and inhibit the abundance of pathogenic fungi to promote ecological restoration. Research methods such as high-throughput sequencing and molecular biology technology combined with fungal isolation and culture provide strong support for revealing the composition and function of fungal communities and screening functional strains. Conclusions Metalliferous mine wastelands harbored diverse soil fungal communities that perform intricate and essential ecological functions. Knowledge of the composition and research methods pertaining to soil fungi in these environments is crucial for vegetation restoration, ecosystem stability, and soil health maintenance. Recommendations and perspectives To date, the research on the soil fungal community of metalliferous mine wastelands in China remains limited. Future studies should take advantage of the next-generation sequencing metagenomic technology to deeply reveal the community composition and ecological function of soil fungi in metalliferous mine wastelands. |
| Key words: metalliferous mine wastelands soil fungi community structure ecological function |
