| 摘要: |
| 在系统梳理成都平原地区史前考古遗址中所见古洪水证据的基础上，对古洪水发生的规律及背景因素进行分析。现有证据表明：成都平原史前古洪水多发生在宝墩文化晚期及十二桥文化时期，且多集中在4.0 ka BP及3.0 ka BP两个时间节点前后，与长江、黄河流域古洪水记录具有同步性。一方面可能与成都平原地区的地理水文要素有关；另一方面，4.0 ka BP和3.0 ka BP前后古洪水记录增多可能与4.2 ka BP及2.8 ka BP全球性气候灾变事件有关。通过探讨古蜀先民治水思想及治水技术的发展，认为古蜀先民在与洪水作斗争的过程中治水技术和治水思想也在不断地发展和进步，古蜀文明不断发展的过程也是先民不断治水并总结经验的过程，其治水技术的进步和治水思想的提高最终成就了伟大的都江堰水利工程。 |
| 关键词: 成都平原 史前遗址 古洪水 治水 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE231008 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE231008 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2020YFC1521605） |
| 英文基金项目:National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFC1521605) |
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| Prehistoric floods and water control documented at the archaeological sites in the Chengdu Plain |
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HUANG Ming
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Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Chengdu 610059, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope The alluvial fans of the Chengdu Plain have nurtured a brilliant ancient Shu civilization. Numerous evidence related to floods has been identified in the prehistoric archaeological sites in the Chengdu Plain, whereas the timing and background factors of ancient floods have not been systematically studied. Based on the review of evidence of ancient floods in prehistoric archaeological sites in the Chengdu Plain, this article summarizes and analyzes the main periods and backgrounds of ancient floods, and in addition, it explores the development of water management ideas and technologies of ancient Shu people, from which we can obtain a deeper understanding of the evolution between prehistoric humans and paleo-environment in the Chengdu Plain. Materials and methods Collecting ancient floods and water control data from prehistoric sites in the Chengdu Plain, and the Yangtze and Yellow River basins as well, conducting analyses using results from previous studies. Results Prehistoric floods in the Chengdu Plain mainly occurred at around 4.0 ka BP and 3.0 ka BP, and prehistoric water control technologies and ideas had a continued development during struggles between the ancient Shu people and floods. Discussion Ancient flood occurrences in the Chengdu Plain can be attributed to the combined action of geographical and hydrological factors. The unique geomorphological features of the alluvial fan, which is characterized by steep terrain, pronounced seasonal precipitation, rapid flood processes, and limited drainage outlets, render the Chengdu Plain susceptible to flooding. Moreover, an increase in ancient flood records around 4.0 ka BP and 3.0 ka BP was likely linked to global climate change events occurring at 4.2 ka BP and 2.8 ka BP. In addition, the climate condition was also an important factor. By comparing the records of ancient floods in the Yangtze and Yellow River basins during the Holocene, it was found that in these areas most of the ancient floods concentrated in the periods of ca. 4.0 ka BP and 3.0 ka BP, which is synchronous with the time of ancient floods recorded in the Chengdu Plain. Current research suggests that the increase in ancient floods during these two periods may also be related to global climate change events at 4.2 ka BP and 2.8 ka BP. Finally, from the early Baodun Culture to the Shi’erqiao Culture period, flood control facilities underwent some changes. The transition from simple flood prevention to hydrophobic water conservancy facilities not only reflects the improvement of flood control technology, but more importantly, the transformation of flood control idea from water interception to hydrophobic. Conclusions The prehistoric floods in the Chengdu Plain are contemporaneous with ancient flood records in the Yangtze and Yellow River basins. The frequent occurrence of floods made the water control technology and thought of the ancient Shu people developed constantly in the process of fighting against floods, and finally created the great Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project. Recommendations and perspectives Given that research on ancient floods in the Chengdu Plain is in the initial stage, identifying evidence of ancient floods in certain strata remains challenging. Future investigations should pay more attention to the “intermittent layers” of the archaeological sites, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the role of ancient floods in shaping prehistoric human-land relationships in the Chengdu Plain. |
| Key words: Chengdu Plain prehistoric sites ancient f loods water control |
