| 摘要: |
| 粤港澳大湾区水环境中抗生素残留问题较为严重，分析粤港澳大湾区抗生素污染特征及生态风险，可为未来该地区抗生素污染综合整治提供解决思路。首先，研究抗生素在粤港澳大湾区主要水环境介质中的时空分布特征及生态风险，确定磺胺类和喹诺酮类对水生态环境构成较大风险，应作为优先控制抗生素类型进行削减；其次，鉴于抗生素的污染源头以及环境行为，有必要开展粤港澳大湾区内饮用水源地、地下水和海水中抗生素污染状况等相关研究。在此基础上，提出港澳大湾区未来抗生素污染研究的重点关注区域和抗生素种类，并为抗生素耐药性的未来研究方向提出建议。 |
| 关键词: 粤港澳大湾区 抗生素 水环境 空间分布 抗性基因 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE231012 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE231012 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:广东省科学院发展专项资金（2022GDASZH-2022010105） |
| 英文基金项目:GDAS’ Project of Science and Technology Development (2022GDASZH-2022010105) |
|
| Environmental distribution characteristics and ecological risk of typical antibiotics in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area |
|
FU Caixia1, SONG Wei2, QIU Wenhui3*, ZHENG Chunmiao4
|
1. Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
2. School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
3. School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
4. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
|
| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope The prevalent use of antibiotics, especially in human medicine, livestock and poultry farming, aquaculture, and plant disease treatment, has led to the accumulation of antibiotic residues in aquatic environments, causing severe environmental contamination. This phenomenon not only poses hidden harm to public health but also has a significant ecological impact on the structural and functional stability of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, antibiotic pollution in the environment has become a focus of concern for the global environmental science community. Due to its rapid economic development, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) is facing severe problems of antibiotic pollution in the aquatic environment. This study aimed to analyze the pollution characteristics of five categories of typical antibiotics in different environmental media in the GBA, assess the ecological risks of these compounds in the aquatic environment, and provide research directions for the comprehensive management of antibiotic pollution in this region in the future. Materials and methods The results of published studies were summarized and organized to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of, and ecological risks posed by, antibiotics in the water environment of the GBA. Results The detection levels of antibiotics in the water environment of the GBA are generally higher than those in other global regions, with sulfonamide and quinolone antibiotics in particular posing significant risks to the aquatic ecological environment in the GBA. Studies on the environmental behavior of antibiotics in different environmental media have shown that the main sources of antibiotic pollution in the rivers of the GBA are domestic sewage and industrial wastewater, while surface water and coastal aquaculture are important sources of antibiotic pollution in the surrounding seas. In addition to being widely present in rivers and lakes in the GBA, antibiotics have been detected at high concentrations in drinking water sources such as Shenzhen Reservoir. Currently, there is little research on the occurrence and environmental behavior of antibiotics in groundwater and seawater in the GBA. Some studies on the distribution characteristics and transmission laws of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the water environment of the GBA have revealed that residual antibiotics can promote the horizontal transmission of ARGs. Discussion In the GBA, sulfonamide and quinolone antibiotics should be considered priority pollutants for risk control and reduction. The issue of residual antibiotics in drinking water sources in the GBA requires urgent attention. Long-term consumption of water contaminated with antibiotics can lead to continuous exposure of humans to low doses of antibiotics, which may pose health risks and increase the likelihood of infection with antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Therefore, it is particularly important to conduct environmental monitoring studies of antibiotics in drinking water sources in the region and assess the risks to ecosystems and public health. The GBA has a long coastline, with coastal areas serving as a critical interface between freshwater and marine ecosystems. The impact of antibiotics on the nearshore marine ecological environment should not be overlooked. Moreover, the migration, transformation, and interaction of antibiotics in different environmental media considerably impact the distribution characteristics of antibiotics. Currently, the mechanism underlying the impact of antibiotics on the spread of ARGs in the region remains unclear. Conclusions Antibiotic pollution in various environmental media in the GBA is a pressing issue. A variety of antibiotic residues have been detected in surface water, groundwater, sediments, and seawater, of which sulfonamides and quinolones are the predominant antibiotics detected in the water environments of major cities in the region. The process by which antibiotics impact the spread of ARGs in the region may be influenced by environmental factors such as microbial communities, water temperature, ammonia nitrogen, and phosphorus. Recommendations and perspectives This study presents the focus areas and types of priority antibiotics for future research on antibiotic pollution in the GBA and offers recommendations for future research on ARGs. The study also suggests strategies for addressing antibiotic pollution issues in the GBA. |
| Key words: Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) antibiotics water environment spatial
distribution antibiotics resistance gene (ARGs) |
