| 摘要: |
| 自十七世纪中叶清朝康熙年间推行土地政策以来，长三角地区耕地变化速度显著加快，对现代社会—经济—环境产生了巨大影响。在前人研究基础上，系统收集了长三角地区十七世纪以来的耕地数据，选择海拔、坡度、土壤与河流距离和人口密度等影响因子，利用SPSS软件进行二元Logistic回归，结合不同时期耕地分布影响因子权重，重建1661—2020年长三角地区耕地演变数据，基于此探索历史耕地的空间分异规律和时间演变过程，系统分析不同时期耕地变化驱动因素。研究发现：长三角地区耕地数量呈现“M”型波动上升趋势，在空间分布上表现为“北多南少”，其空间格局呈“西进北扩，纵深扩散”的演变态势。清朝时期，自然地理环境是影响耕地空间分布的重要因素；农业政策和技术随着社会发展逐渐成为耕地变化的主要原因。改革开放后，工业化城镇化进程加快与生态退耕项目的推进导致长三角地区耕地持续减少。历史时期长三角耕地格局持续受到地理环境因素的影响，呈现出动态变化的特征。在地理变迁与耕地格局演变的过程中，自然地理环境在宏观层面上影响耕地格局的形成与演变，始终是耕地格局演绎变迁的基底，也是区域人文景观的基础。人文地理环境则在微观层面深入且细致地改变耕地格局，反映了人类对自然的开发实践。长三角地区耕地的变化体现了人与地理环境之间的博弈，反映出“人地关系”理念的转变。区域发展规划应突显长三角的生态环境优势，打造区域一体化的生态景观廊道，在可持续发展观的指导下推进生态文明建设和美丽中国建设。 |
| 关键词: 历史耕地 人地关系 长三角地区 可持续发展 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE232023 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE232023 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:江苏省社会科学基金项目（22LSA001） |
| 英文基金项目:Jiangsu Provincial Social Science Foundation (22LSA001) |
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| Analysis of the characteristics and inf luential factors of the evolution of cropland in the Yangtze River Delta since the mid-seventeenth century |
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TONG Zihao, YAO Yifeng, GUO Yu
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School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Cropland is an important covariate for studying the change of land utilization change and environmental change in historical periods, and quantitative reconstruction of cropland change has been a core issue in international LUCC research. Since the implementation of land policies during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty in the mid-seventeenth century, the rate of change of cropland in the region of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) has accelerated significantly, having exerted a great impact on the modern socio—economic—environmental situation. This study aims to analyze the evolution-oriented pattern of arable land in the historical period and explore the coupling process and mechanism between regional environmental changes and human activities, with a view to providing scientific references for the construction of ecological civilization and sustainable development in the YRD. Materials and methods Based on previous studies, this paper systematically collects data on cropland in the YRD since the 17th century, selects influential factors such as elevation, slope, soil as well as distance from rivers and population density, conducts binary logistic regression by using SPSS software, and combines the weight of influential factors on the distribution of cropland in different periods to reconstruct data on the evolution of cultivated land in the YRD from 1661 to 2020, based on which the spatial differentiation pattern and temporal evolution process of historical cropland are explored and the driving factors of cropland change in different periods are systematically analyzed. Results The amount of cropland in the YRD shows an M-shaped fluctuating upward trend, and its spatial distribution is marked by “more in the north and less in the south”, with the spatial pattern evolving in a “west-to-north expansion and further diffusion”. The spatial pattern is featured by “westward and northward expansion”. During the Qing Dynasty, the natural geographical environment was an important factor affecting the spatial distribution of cropland. Agricultural policies and technologies gradually became the main reason for changes in cropland along with social development. After the Reform and Opening Up, the accelerated industrialization and urbanization process and the promotion of ecological fallowing projects led to continuous reduction of cropland in the YRD. Discussion The cropland pattern of the YRD in the historical period has been under continuous influence of geographic and environmental factors, showing the characteristics of dynamic changes. In the process of geographic change and the evolution of the cropland pattern, the natural geographic environment influences the formation and evolution of the cropland pattern at the macro-level, which is always the base of the deduction and change regarding the cropland pattern, and also the foundation of the regional human landscape. The human geographic environment, on the other hand, changes the pattern of cropland in depth and in detail at the micro-level, and the change of land utilization not only reflects the practice of human development of nature, but also reflects the philosophical thought of human-land relationship. Conclusions The change of cropland in the YRD reflects the game between humans and natural geography, and the change of the concept of “human-land relationship”. The plan of regional development should highlight the ecological advantages of the YRD, create an integrated regional ecological landscape corridor, and promote the construction of ecological civilization and beautiful China under the guidance of sustainable development. Recommendations and perspectives Future research is required to quantify human and social factors such as agricultural policies and farming techniques to improve the model of historical cropland reconstruction. |
| Key words: historic cropland human-land relationship YRD sustainable development |
