| 引用本文: | 柳霄钰,梁蓝元,何雨璐,张小玲,王薇,李寒杨,李卓,刘彤.2026.四川盆地PM2.5浓度与人口暴露水平的时空变化特征[J].地球环境学报,17(4):1032-1042 |
| LIU Xiaoyu,LIANG Lanyuan,HE Yulu,ZHANG Xiaoling,WANG Wei,LI Hanyang,LI Zhuo,LIU Tong.2026.Temporal and spatial variation of PM2.5 concentration and population exposure in Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Earth Environment,17(4):1032-1042 |
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| 四川盆地PM2.5浓度与人口暴露水平的时空变化特征 |
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柳霄钰1，2，梁蓝元1，2，何雨璐1，2，张小玲1，3，王薇1，2，李寒杨1，2，李卓1，2，刘彤1，2
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1.成都信息工程大学 大气科学学院，成都 610225 ； 2.成都信息工程大学 高原大气与环境四川省重点实验室，成都 610225 ；3.成都平原城市气象与环境四川省野外科学观测研究站/四川省气象灾害预测预警工程实验室，成都 610225
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| 摘要: |
| 四川盆地地形复杂，大部分地区人口密度大，排放强度高，污染物不易扩散，为易受气象因素影响的敏感地区；近年来，随着一系列大气污染防治行动计划的实施，城市空气质量有明显改善。文章利用2015—2022年四川盆地18个城市共89个有效国控监测站点的PM2.5浓度数据，以及2010—2022年的中国大气成分近实时追踪数据集（TAP）和人口密度数据，综合分析了四川盆地PM2.5浓度的时空演变特征及人口暴露水平的变化规律。结果表明：（1）TAP数据集得到的PM2.5浓度与观测数据之间有显著的相关性，相关系数基本在0.8以上；（2）2015—2022年四川盆地18个城市年均PM2.5浓度显著下降（平均下降比例为32.9%）；（3）用TAP数据得到的四川盆地2010—2022年长时间尺度全域平均PM2.5浓度下降比例可达51.5%，以成都和重庆为两大区域污染中心，川东北地区的平均浓度变化幅度最大；（4）PM2.5人口暴露浓度高值区主要分布在成都、重庆和绵阳，低值区主要分布在雅安西部和乐山南部。2010—2022年PM2.5人口加权浓度水平逐年降低，2014年后暴露在高浓度水平（大于75 μg/m3）的人口数量显著下降，2020—2022年四川盆地有50%的人口暴露在PM2.5低浓度水平（小于35 μg/m3），表明大气污染防治带来了巨大的PM2.5人口暴露水平的改善。 |
| 关键词: PM2.5浓度 时空演变 人口暴露 四川盆地 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE2024082 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE2024082 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3709301）；成都信息工程大学引进人才科研启动项目（KYTZ202127）；大学生创新创业训练计划项目（202210621024，202310621028） |
| 英文基金项目: |
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| Temporal and spatial variation of PM2.5 concentration and population exposure in Sichuan Basin |
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LIU Xiaoyu1，2，LIANG Lanyuan1，2，HE Yulu1，2，ZHANG Xiaoling1，3，WANG Wei1，2，LI Hanyang1，2，LI Zhuo1，2，LIU Tong1，2
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1.School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225 , China ；2.Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225 , China ；3.Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province/ Sichuan Meteorological Disaster Prediction and Early Warning Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu 610225 , China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope The Sichuan Basin is a highly sensitive region susceptible to meteorological factors due to its complex topography, large population density, high emission intensity, and unfavorable conditions for pollutant diffusion. To systematically understand the long-term evolution and health risks of fine particulate matter, this study aims to comprehensively analyze the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of PM2.5 concentrations and population exposure levels, thereby providing a scientific basis for pollution control and sustainable development in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle. Materials and methods This study utilized two sets of air quality data. The first set comprised hourly concentration data of six pollutants (including PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO) from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2022, extracted from 89 valid state-controlled monitoring stations (screened from 103 initial sites) across 18 cities in the Sichuan Basin. To accurately reveal localized pollution and exposure characteristics, these 18 cities were geographically divided into four regions: the Chengdu Plain (Chengdu, Deyang, Mianyang, Suining, Ziyang, Meishan, Leshan, and Ya’an), northeastern Sichuan (Nanchong, Dazhou, Bazhong, Guang’an, and Guangyuan), southern Sichuan (Neijiang, Luzhou, Yibin, and Zigong), and Chongqing. The second set integrated the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) gridded dataset, providing continuous daily PM2.5 concentration data from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2022, with a spatial resolution of 10 km×10 km (approximately 0.1°×0.1°). Combined with LandScan global population density data from 2010 to 2022, the spatiotemporal distribution, population-weighted concentrations (PWC), and cumulative exposure risks were evaluated using correlation analysis and spatial analysis methods. Results (1) PM2.5 concentrations derived from the TAP dataset showed a relatively strong correlation with the observed data, with correlation coefficients generally above 0.8. (2) From 2015 to 2022, the average annual PM2.5 concentrations in the 18 cities of the Sichuan Basin decreased significantly, with an average reduction rate of 32.9%. (3) Based on TAP data, the long-term basin-wide average PM2.5 concentration decreased by 51.5% from 2010 to 2022. Chengdu and Chongqing were the two major regional pollution centers, while northeastern Sichuan experienced the largest magnitude of change in average concentration. (4) Areas with high PM2.5 population exposure concentrations were mainly distributed in Chengdu, Chongqing, and Mianyang, whereas low-value areas were mainly located in western Ya’an and southern Leshan. From 2010 to 2022, the population weighted PM2.5 concentration decreased year by year. The number of people exposed to high concentrations (＞75 μg/m3) decreased significantly after 2014, and during 2020—2022, 50% of the population in the Sichuan Basin was exposed to low PM2.5 concentrations (＜35 μg/m3). Discussion The population weighted concentration was consistently higher than the regional average concentration, indicating that the population was highly concentrated in high-pollution areas, which exacerbated the actual health threat compared with regional averages. Conclusions Overall, PM2.5 pollution and population exposure levels in the Sichuan Basin decreased markedly, demonstrating that air pollution prevention and control measures have yielded a tremendous improvement in PM2.5 population exposure levels. Recommendations and perspectives Although the overall PM2.5 pollution and exposure levels have decreased, localized high-value areas still persist. Future environmental strategies should focus on formulating refined, localized PM2.5 pollution prevention and health exposure risk response plans for densely populated regions. |
| Key words: PM2.5 concentration spatial and temporal variation population exposure Sichuan Basin |
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