| 引用本文: | 侯冬利,强杰,赵江伟,王建国,张翔,袁世辉,王鹏,安清贤,刘雪娇,王启元.2026.石家庄市2023年一次典型PM2.5污染过程演变特征分析[J].地球环境学报,17(4):1043-1054 |
| HOU Dongli,QIANG Jie,ZHAO Jiangwei,WANG Jianguo,ZHANG Xiang,YUAN Shihui,WANG Peng,AN Qingxian,LIU Xuejiao,WANG Qiyuan.2026.Analysis of the evolution characteristics of a typical PM2.5 pollution process in Shijiazhuang City in 2023[J].Journal of Earth Environment,17(4):1043-1054 |
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| 石家庄市2023年一次典型PM2.5污染过程演变特征分析 |
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侯冬利1，强杰1，赵江伟1，王建国1，张翔1，袁世辉1，王鹏1，安清贤1，刘雪娇2，王启元3
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1.河北省生态环境监测中心，石家庄 050037 ；2.河北先河环保科技股份有限公司，石家庄 050035 ；3.中国科学院地球环境研究所，西安 710061
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| 摘要: |
为研究石家庄市大气雾霾重污染过程特征，以2023年10月28日—11月2日石家庄一次典型PM2.5污染过程为例，从污染过程、气象变化、颗粒物组分、源解析及区域传输等方面进行了综合分析。结果表明：在空气优良时段、中度污染和重度污染期间，石家庄市PM2.5平均浓度分别为69 μg/m3、153 μg/m3、182 μg/m3；随机森林（RF）模型结果显示优良、中度污染和重度污染期间气象因素对PM2.5浓度的贡献依次为9.9%、20.0%和24.9%；颗粒物组分中NO  、SO  、NH  是驱动PM2.5浓度上升的关键组分；正定矩阵因子分解模型（PMF）结果表明二次生成源和机动车排放源是驱动PM2.5浓度在重度污染期间上升的主要源；传输研究结果表明在中度污染和重度污染期间，PM2.5浓度分别主要受到东北和偏西南方向区域传输的影响。 |
| 关键词: 石家庄 PM2.5 重污染 演变特征 污染源 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE2024128 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE2024128 |
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| 文献标识码:A |
| 基金项目:河北省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（254Z0305G） |
| 英文基金项目: |
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| Analysis of the evolution characteristics of a typical PM2.5 pollution process in Shijiazhuang City in 2023 |
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HOU Dongli1，QIANG Jie1，ZHAO Jiangwei1，WANG Jianguo1，ZHANG Xiang1，YUAN Shihui1，WANG Peng1，AN Qingxian1，LIU Xuejiao2，WANG Qiyuan3
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1.Hebei Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Shijiazhuang 050003 7, China ；2.Hebei Sailhero Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050035 , China ；3.Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061 , China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope In recent years, rapid industrialization and urbanization have made atmospheric haze one of the most pressing global environmental challenges. As a major industrial city in northern China, Shijiazhuang suffers from severe air quality problems, especially PM2.5 pollution. An in-depth understanding of the characteristics of PM2.5 pollution in Shijiazhuang is therefore essential for developing effective air pollution control strategies. This study aims to provide scientific support for air pollution control in Shijiazhuang and similar industrial cities by comprehensively analyzing a representative PM2.5 pollution episode, which clarifies its meteorological conditions, particulate composition, sources, and regional transport patterns. Materials and methods The study focuses on the period from October 28 to November 2, 2023, and adopts an integrated analysis framework. First, monitoring data on PM2.5 concentrations, meteorological parameters, and particulate chemical composition in Shijiazhuang during this period were compiled. A random forest model was then applied to quantify the contribution of meteorological factors to PM2.5 concentrations, and a Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model was used for source apportionment. Finally, transport pathways were analyzed to assess the influence of regional transport on PM2.5 levels. Results During the clean, moderately polluted, and heavily polluted periods, the average PM2.5 concentrations in Shijiazhuang were 69 μg/m3, 153 μg/m3, and 182 μg/m3, respectively. The random forest model indicated that the contributions of meteorological factors to PM2.5 concentrations in these three periods were 9.9%, 20.0%, and 24.9%, respectively. Among the particulate components, NO , SO , and NH were the key species driving the increase of PM2.5. The PMF results showed that secondary formation and vehicular emissions were the dominant sources during heavy pollution. Transport analysis indicated that, during the moderately and heavily polluted periods, PM2.5 was mainly affected by regional transport from the northeast and southwest, respectively. Discussion Meteorological conditions were a major factor important factors affecting PM2.5 concentrations, and their contribution increased with pollution severity. The polluted periods were characterized by high relative humidity, low wind speed, and a depressed atmospheric boundary layer. Relative humidity (RH) rose from 68.0% in the clean period to 84.9% during heavy pollution. Elevated RH promoted hygroscopic growth and aqueous-phase reactions, markedly enhancing the formation of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA, dominated by sulfate‑nitrate‑ammonium (SNA)). The boundary layer height dropped from about 700 m in the clean period to about 300 m under heavy pollution, restricting vertical dispersion and reducing atmospheric environmental capacity, while low wind speeds of around 1 m/s hindered horizontal transport. Regional transport also played an important role. Despite local emission controls under a level-Ⅱ emergency response, unfavorable meteorology and regional transport dominated the net PM2.5 increase. Overall, meteorological contributions to PM2.5 were 9.9%, 20.0%, and 24.9% in the clean, moderate, and heavy polluted periods, respectively. In terms of chemical composition, the mass concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium during heavy pollution more than doubled relative to the clean period. This can be attributed to high aerosol liquid water content (ALWC), which intensified liquid-phase SNA formation via NO2 oxidation. Although the marked decline in calcium (Ca) indicated that dust-suppression measures had been effective, SNA accumulation largely offset the benefits of primary emission reductions. Ratio analysis further proved that secondary formation together with vehicle emission were the two most important drivers of the pollution. A nitrate-to-sulfate ratio of 2.4—7.3 indicated that mobile source was the dominant pollution contributor, while high NOR and SOR values, together with elevated PM2.5/PM10 ratios, highlighted the importance of secondary formation. These findings are consistent with the PMF source apportionment result, which showed that the contributions of secondary sources and vehicle emissions grew most rapidly during the pollution. The contribution of secondary sources rose from 22% in the clean and moderate pollution periods to 32% in the heavy polluted period, and that of vehicle emissions increased by 40%. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive analysis of a severe PM2.5 pollution episode in Shijiazhuang and identifies the key factors and processes involved. The results emphasize the need for targeted emission controls and regional coordination to effectively mitigate such events. Recommendations and perspectives Based on these findings, we recommend that Shijiazhuang strengthen controls on vehicular emissions and reduce precursors of secondary particulate matter, while enhancing regional cooperation to jointly address the impact of regional transport on air quality. Future research should further quantify the relative contributions of different sources to PM2.5 and develop more effective pollution control technologies. |
| Key words: Shijiazhuang PM2.5 heavy pollution evolution characteristics pollution sources |
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