| 引用本文: | 周颖,左昕昕,林映君,吴桂萍,任琳,谢辉.2026.广西旱稻表土植硅体初步研究[J].地球环境学报,17(4):1126-1136 |
| ZHOU Ying,ZUO Xinxin,LIN Yingjun,WU Guiping,REN Lin,XIE Hui.2026.A preliminary study on the surface soil phytoliths of upland rice fields in Guangxi[J].Journal of Earth Environment,17(4):1126-1136 |
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| 摘要: |
| 旱稻是水稻的一种特殊生态型，我国南方丘陵地区一直存在原始稻种是“旱稻”还是“水稻”的争议，解决此争议的关键在于区分二者遗存。植硅体分析方法已在水稻起源与驯化研究中发挥了重要作用，然而对旱稻的研究相对较少。文章对采集自广西来宾的23个旱稻田表土样本进行了详细的植硅体分析，发现旱稻与水稻的植硅体组合与形态存在明显差异。旱稻表土具有≥9个鱼鳞纹饰的水稻扇型植硅体占所有发现水稻扇型植硅体的28.36%±4.11%，远低于驯化水稻表土（57.6%±8.7%），但与野生稻表土（17.46%±8.29%）接近。稻田表土植硅体组合的判别分析也可以正确地将旱稻田和前人的水稻田进行区分。旱稻与水稻表土植硅体形态和组合的差异可能与旱稻的生长环境、基因中的抗旱性和特殊的耕作方式有关。研究表明，植硅体在区分旱稻与水稻方面具有较大的潜力，将来进一步的研究或可为揭示南方丘陵地区史前稻作方式提供有效的研究方法。 |
| 关键词: 旱稻 水稻扇型植硅体 稻作农业 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE2024069 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE2024069 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:福建省自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目（2025J010029）；国家自然科学基金项目（42477478） |
| 英文基金项目: |
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| A preliminary study on the surface soil phytoliths of upland rice fields in Guangxi |
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ZHOU Ying1，2，ZUO Xinxin1，2，3，LIN Yingjun1，2，WU Guiping1，2，REN Lin1，2，XIE Hui1，2
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1.Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117 , China ；2.Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117 , China ；3.Center for Environmental Archaeology in Southeast China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117 , China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Upland rice is an important food crop in China, adapted to dryland conditions and well-suited to mountainous and hilly regions. In mountainous areas of southern China, there is an ongoing debate about whether the original rice species was upland or lowland (domesticated) rice. Distinguishing between these two types is essential to resolving this question. Phytolith analysis is a key method for studying rice origin and domestication, but research on upland rice is limited. This study examines the types of phytoliths and the proportions of fish-scale patterns on rice bulliform phytoliths in upland rice, comparing them with those in lowland rice to identify differences. The results highlight the potential of phytolith analysis to differentiate upland from lowland rice. Further research on upland rice phytoliths may help trace the prehistoric dispersal and cultivation of rice in southern China’s hilly regions. Materials and methods In this study, four upland rice fields were selected on two slopes in Tongwang Village (23°59.87′—23°59.96′N, 110°07.71′—110°07.77′E) and Xiaochong Village (24°14.69′—24°14.83′N, 110°09.47′—110°09.48′E) of Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi, and five to seven surface soil samples, with a depth of approximately 5 cm, were randomly collected from different sections of each field, yielding a total of 23 upland rice surface soil samples. To extract phytoliths, the wet-ashing method was used. Next, all phytoliths were observed, counted, and photographed using a Olympus CX-33 microscope at 400× magnification. For each sample, at least 500 phytoliths were counted. Subsequently, the number of fish-scale decorations around the edge of fan-shaped phytoliths and their size (vertical and horizontal lengths) were counted and measured for each rice bulliform phytolith. For each sample, several slides were scanned until more than 50 rice bulliform phytoliths with clearly distinguishable fish-scale decorations were identified. The proportion of rice bulliform phytoliths with ≥9 fish-scale decorations was then calculated. Finally, phytolith assemblages from 23 upland rice soil samples and other published surface soil samples from modern rice paddies and wild rice fields were analysed to establish a discriminant function, which was performed using Origin 2021. Results All surface soil samples from upland rice fields were characterised by high rates of bilobate (30.66%±0.9%), elongate entire (26.25%±4.2%), short saddle type (16.00%±3.86%), and square (6.56%±1.61%) phytoliths. In addition to these observed proportions, the vertical length (VL) of the rice bulliform phytoliths was (37.48±6.50) µm, and the horizontal length (HL) was (26.94±7.95) µm. Furthermore, the proportion of bulliform phytoliths with ≥9 fish-scale decorations was 28.36%±4.11%. Discussion Phytolith formation is mainly related to external environmental factors, so there 楡捲敥†牡数浰慡楲湥獮⁴椠湤慦牦捥桲慥敮潣汥潳朠楩据愠汴獥椠瑣敯獭Ɒ瑳桩整物敯扮礠普楤氠汭楯湲杰瑯桬敯杹愠灯椠湰瑹桴敯獩瑴畨搠祢潴晷瑥桮攠⁵潰牬楡杮楤渠潩晣甠灡汮慤渠摬牷楬捡敮 (domesticated) rice. The content of Elongate Entire and saddle in the surface soil of upland rice was higher than that of others, indicating that upland rice grows in a warm and arid environment, reflecting the characteristics of relatively low-temperature tolerance and drought resistance of upland rice. The development of bulliform cells was affected by the hydrological environment. The area of bulliform cells was positively correlated with soil water content, resulting in fewer rice bulliform phytoliths in the surface soil of upland rice. The discriminant function enabled the classification of 85.5% of the samples into appropriate groups: surface soil from upland rice differed from that of wild rice and lowland (domesticated) rice. The content of rice bulliform phytolith in upland rice surface soil was slightly lower than that of lowland (domesticated) rice and wild rice leaves. The rice bulliform phytolith with ≥9 fish-scale patterns accounted for 28.36%±4.11% of all rice bulliform phytolith in upland rice surface soil, which was much lower than that in lowland (domesticated) rice (57.6%±8.7%), and was close to that in wild rice (17.46%±8.29%). The differences in rice bulliform phytoliths are likely adaptive morphological responses to water deficit in upland rice. The farming strategy of upland rice, such as litter removal, should be considered when explaining the size and fish-scale patterns of rice bulliform phytoliths in upland rice fields. Conclusions In this study, we found significant differences in surface soil phytoliths between upland rice and lowland (domesticated) rice, indicating that phytoliths have great potential for distinguishing upland rice from lowland rice. Recommendations and perspectives Few studies on upland rice are currently conducted, and more research is needed to further establish identification criteria for upland rice and apply them to the identification of r������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� |
| Key words: upland rice rice bulliform phytolith rice-based agriculture |
